The article is devoted to one of the outstanding projects of the French architect S.E. Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corbusier, 1887−1965), built in the traditions of minimalism. Villa Stein-de Monzie is a residential building. The paper presents the analysis of the main architectural and design concepts of Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris in the master plan, floor plans, facades and interiors. In this project, Charles-Edouard implemented for the first time all five of his famous principles of minimalist architecture (supporting columnar frame, flat roof, free plans and facades, large-format ribbon windows).

The article explores the historical experience of climate responsive architecture in Yemen. The relevance of energy-efficient residential buildings for hot-dry regions in particular, and for all regions in general, is discussed in the article. Regional classification of architecture of Yemen is analyzed. Architectural planning solutions are discussed for residential buildings in Yemen based on the topography. The article delves into the climatic responsive design solutions for residential buildings in various regions.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to analyze the historical experience of the architecture of Yemen for climate responsive (energy-efficient) residential buildings.

Methodology: Analysis of the historical experience of energy-efficient architecture to identify suitable and modern methods for construction of energy-efficient residential buildings.

Research findings: Based on the analysis, considered in the creation of comfortable housing and saving energy consumption in various areas throughout its lifespan and at the end of each month when residents settle their electricity bills.

Practical implications: The proposed methods provide not only comfortable housing, but also preserve and protect the environment from damage caused by energy extraction, which, in turn, depletes energy resources, weakens state economy, and hinders the utilization of these resources for future generations.

The paper studies the architectural development, layout and equipment of a smart city based on integration algorithms and artificial intelligence methods. Innopolis, a satellite city of Kazan designed as a city for IT specialists, is an object of research. The relevance of the work is determined by rapid digitalization, which penetrates in all branches of human activity, including urban design and urban planning. The knowledge systematization of a smart city can become the basis for a faster transition of other settlements to smart cities based on the experience of the Innopolis development.

Due to the high level of urbanization, there is a high demand for the creation of comfortable places for recreation near the water. Modern embankments not only provide leisure for people, but also allow to ensure their physical activity, in particular, thanks to the creation of sports grounds and recreation sites. However, embankments in cities do not fully satisfy the needs of the population.

Purpose: The data systematization of embankment zoning and improvement.

Methodology/approach: Terminological and theoretical comparative analyses, functional and planning, typological, regulatory and legal analysis, questionnaire, survey.

Research findings: Locations and infill of new, rarely used functional areas on urban waterfronts are developed with respect to the needs of the population.

Originality: Embankments in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Belgorod, Orenburg, Orel in Russia and Marina Bay (Singapore), Hornsbergs Strand Park (Stockholm), Waitan (Shanghai) abroad are theoretically evaluated in terms of their functionality. Scientific and practical recommendations are given to location and filling of functional zones, which are currently new and rare.

The article deals with the formation stages of the planning structure of Tyumen under governmental programs of the development of Russian cities late in the 18th and early 19th centuries. General design and construction of wooden buildings according to standard projects are studied. Model design serves as a means of ensuring fast and high-quality construction in the country. This phenomenon covers almost all areas of design and significantly affects Russian cities. The relevance of research is conditioned by the problem of preserving the historical planning structure of Tyumen and wooden historical buildings, erected according to standard projects widely spread in Russian cities in the 19th century.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to study the formation of the planning structure in Tyumen and analyze wooden buildings built according to standard projects.

Methodology/approach: A comprehensive approach includes a study of archival and bibliographic sources, field research, analysis and systematization of research results, graphical analytical methods.

Research findings: Historical plans of Tyumen are analyzed. Wooden houses built according to standard projects are classified, the most common types of wooden houses are determined.

Originality: A comprehensive analysis of wooden buildings built in Tyumen according to standard projects, identification of the main architectural types of buildings.

The article studies the structural features of the floor and attic ceilings of the main building of the former Tomsk Imperial University built in 1878−1888 and their changes during the operation and after restoration in 1988-1991. The relevance is conditioned by the tendency of irreparable losses of authentic structural elements during repair and restoration of cultural heritage objects and historical buildings in Tomsk.

Purpose: The aim of the research is to study the floor structures of the main building of the former Imperial University in Tomsk (since 1919 Tomsk State University), as well as the degree of preservation of their authenticity after repair and restoration works.

Methodology/approach: The literature review; exploration of the general state of structures before and after restoration.

The article is the first to analyze the degree of preservation of the authentic structures of the interstorey and attic ceilings at the investigated object after the repair and restoration works and to introduce into scientific circulation design and fixation drawings, photographs of the structures in the process of restoration. Identification of structural properties of the floor and attic ceilings of the main building of the first university in Siberia and the analysis of restoration.

Practical implications: Research results can be used in carrying out repair and restoration of public houses in Tomsk.

The relevance of the work is determined by the need for effective use of former industrial areas within the city. A rapid urban development provides more and more such sites, and there is a need for their sustainable development. This work discusses the problem of abandoned territories within the city.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to assess the possibility of using former industrial areas for sustainable urban development.

Research findings: Methods for working with abandoned areas can reduce the number of undeveloped and degraded areas. This improves social, economic, transport and environmental factors. The city communication becomes better, while its social and territorial isolation decreases.

The history of civil engineering education in Tomsk dates back more than a century. The article presents the prerequisites for the creation of technical and civil engineering education in the Asian part of the Russian Empire in the 19– 20th centuries. The first years of existence of a new architectural school beyond the Urals are describe as well as the formation of the educational process. Some aspects are reflected in works of Siberian scientists and urban planners.

Despite the importance of Tomsk as a science city since the end of the 19th century, scientific works on the formation of civil engineering education in the Asian part of Russia and in Tomsk are absent. A historical contribution to the development of civil engineering education by such people as K.K. Lygin, A.D. Kryachkov, I.I. Bobarykov, A.E. Sabek, F.F. Gut, P.F. Fedorovsky, is not fully consecrated in the context of their teaching activities.

This work is a comprehensive study of contributions of each historical person to the educational process of civil engineering.

The work has a strict chronological sequence, considers formation stages of of civil engineering and architectural education, starting with the opening of the Tomsk Technological Institute, ending with the separation of faculties into a higher educational institution and its relocation to Novosibirsk. Historical events in question took place at the end of the 19th and late in 20th centuries.

New information given in the article complements existing historical research, expands available information about problems faced by the first leaders of higher engineering and construction school in Tomsk.

Cable trusses are far superior to ordinary roof structures of buildings made of steel or reinforced concrete. They are applicable for spans up to 60 meters or more and do not need heavy-duty installation equipment due to their low weight. On the other hand, design solutions for cable structures are hampered because software packages for the finite element analysis, are not intended for study of alternative solutions. Evaluation methods for the cable truss structure include integration of the shear force distribution in auxiliary beam and solution of a set of non-linear equations. It complicates the implementation of static analysis. The development of simplified evaluation methods suitable for general-purpose mathematical software packages, is an important task to be solved. It will enhance the quality of design solutions via specialized tools for numerical simulation and optimization.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to develop evaluation methods of cable trusses.

Methodology: The proposed technique is based on the sine-series expansion of the external load and shape function of the cable truss. The assumption of small relative displacement at the center of the truss span and constant length of links between the chords yield a set of two equations. The first one is quadratic. Its solution is given in terms of the cable truss shape alteration determined from the second equation by means of the secant method.

Research findings: The proposed technique allows to determine vertical displacements of the cable truss, the link load between the chords and axial forces under the external load uniformly distributed over left and right parts of the span. Nonlinear equations solved by the plane solution technique, requires much less computations in contrast to the general analysis of nonlinear systems.

The object of the study is the strength and stability of the metal frame during linear and nonlinear steel operation according to a bilinear diagram under static loading.

Purpose: The analysis of the metal frame strength using the structural strength factor in the linear calculation and the load-bearing capacity use factor in theoretical calculation of the limit element surface as well as the linear and nonlinear stability based on the concept of the system limit repulsion.

Methodology: The computational substantiation of the bearing capacity and stability of the reinforced concrete frame at different stages of materials performance, is carried out in the Ing+2021 MicroFe program with the proposed finite element spatial model.

Research findings: At the structural strength and bearing capacity of the metal frame and its linear stability, the critical parameter at physically nonlinear stability is less than the standardized value, as a result of which the metal frame stability is not fulfilled for ultimate limit state.

At building design stages in permafrost conditions, it is important to conduct thermal analysis to assess temperature changes in the operation of subgrade soils. In calculations, geological factors are considered, such as lithological structure, physical and thermal characteristics of soils, geocryological (rock temperature) and climatic (ambient temperature, wind speed, height and density of snowcover). The snowcover height has a significant impact on soil freezing in winter. Existing requirements are not often satisfied for clearing blown snow in the open crawl space, that requires consideration of changes in geocryological conditions. For buildings with open crawl space, the snowcover height depends on the building dimensions, however, the principles for changing the height are not standardized. Since the results of thermal engineering calculations are used to select the parameters of pile foundations and determine their load-bearing capacity, it is necessary consides factors influencing the calculation results of thermal engineering.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the most reliable way to specify snowcover in the open crawl space to predict thermal calculations.

Methodology/approach: Different snowcover types are for considered for structures with the open crawl space with the plan dimensions over 3 m and for vertical tanks of a diameter 25 m. Thermotechnical calculations and verification with geotechnical monitoring data are carried out.

Research findings: It is shown that the snowcover height affects the calculation results, when using different methods of snow drifting. The temperature difference at the same depths and at depths below 11 m is insignificant for all types of subgrade soil. The definition methods are determined for the snowcover, that have the highest correlation with the real temperature of the subgrade soil.

This article examines new cylindrically anisotropic materials, including winding composite materials reinforced with various fiber, and a mathematical solution of the fourth-order partial differential equation with two variables in polar coordinates.

Purpose: Ther aim of this work is to study anisotropy properties of composite materials with cylindrical anisotropy.

Methodology/approach: Foe a solution, equations are translated into Cartesian coordinates, and stress functions are used as a sum of polynomials. As a result of the solution, two relations are obtained between the elastic constants in the main direction of anisotropy, i.e., elasticity parameters. These parameters are important to determine the mechanical properties of anisotropic material.

Research findings: New high-strength composite materials are improved to apply in new technologies for building design and construction, high-strength structures are obtained using synthetic composite materials.

Originality/value: Elastic constants for cylindrically anisotropic materials represent an innovative approach to determine the properties of composite materials with a flat anisotropy scheme, which make it easier and more efficient to determine elasticity parameters and strength in an arbitrary direction of coordinate axes.

The article studies the influence of bending and unbending of reinforcing bars on the mechanical properties of steel bars. This problem is relevant in the practice of constructing monolithic reinforced concrete structures, since reinforcing bars are often subjected to initial bending. The question arises about their further use. Based on the results obtained, a comparative analysis of the mechanical properties is presented for reinforcing bars after tensile strength testing with varying the initial bend diameter. According to this testing, it is possible to further use these reinforcing bars after single and reverse bending without reducing the strength properties of the steel.

The number of tall and supertall buildings dramatically grows in Russian and abroad, that drives transformation of design, construction and monitoring principles. Such changes are necessitated by higher vertical and climatic loads on structures, need for a more efficient use of materials and early commissioning.

Purpose: Optimization of production processes in foundation structures of super tall buildings.

Methodology: The analysis of results of geotechnical monitoring and stress-strain state of foundation structures.

Research findings: The applicability of foundations in operation and design of unique buildings designed for structurally unstable soils. Results of monitoring are presented for a 462 m high box-shaped foundation of a tower, a central building of the “Lakhta Center” in Saint-Petersburg, and the tallest building in Europe. The automated monitoring system is used to study the structure, design and operation principles of the “Lakhta Center”.

Value: Determination of the most significant factors influencing the choice of production processes during the construction of super-tall buildings.

The article discusses current issues of recycling bitumen components from waste roofing materials due to an urgent need to minimize the environmental impact and provide cost-effective use of natural resources. The study is driven by the significant role of bituminous materials in the construction industry and their disposal after the end of their service life, including the environmental threat from waste accumulation and loss of original properties of materials caused by the ultraviolet radiation, temperature changes and humidity.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of bitumen recovery methods utilizing various organic solvents. Special emphasis is placed on the chemical method characterized by the use of active chemical components to dissolve and extract bitumen, such as technical kerosene, trichlorethylene, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. For comparison, a bitumen sample is thermally extracted from roofing felt without exposure to solvents.

Methodology/approach: The analysis of polarity of organic solvents and their ability to dissolve certain groups of hydrocarbons, which made it possible to selectively change the bitumen chemical composition. Liquid adsorption chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry techniques are used to determine changes in the composition and thermal properties of bitumen, respectively.

Research findings: Changes in the concentration of hydrocarbon groups in bitumen under the influence of solvents affect physicochemical properties of the material, that opens up prospects for its reuse in construction and road coating production. Changes in heat flow observed during the DSC analysis, allow optimizing the properties of the extracted bitumen and improve the efficiency of its application.

Practical implications: The possibility is shown for integrating recovered bitumen waste in the production cycle, which leads to a reduction in the need for primary resources and environmental burden from waste disposal, contributing to the sustainable development of the construction industry.

Currently, it is relevant to create new and modify existing building materials in order to improve their physical, mechanical and operational properties. Wood is one of the common building materials. In order to improve the service life of wooden structures and products, it is necessary to protect them from negative factors. The most eco-friendly is thermal treatment. As an alternative to thermal modification in the hot steam/gas environment and wood burning, it is proposed to use the surface treatment with low-temperature plasma. To determine the possibility of using this type of treatment, it is necessary to study the plasma flow effect on mechanical properties of wood. However, its prime cost restricts the application of this method.

The paper presents results of compressive strength testing along the fiber for pine samples before and after the treatment with low-temperature plasma and gas burner. Both methods have no effect on the compressive strength. It is shown that the treatment cost is significantly lower than that with the gas burner. Comparatively low cost of the plasma treatment is provided by the high process performance, which, in turn, is achieved through a significant value of specific heat flows.

The article studies the main organizational structures of construction management such as functional, design and matrix, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages. Based on expert assessments, a system of organizational, technological and economic factors was developed, reflecting the specifics of construction facilities and having a significant impact on systematized factors. Discussed are the key factors that should be considered when developing appropriate organizational structures in construction management.

Purpose: To provide facility managers with tools to directly apply the organizational theory, which contributes to the development of an accurate understanding of relationships between various organizational structures in construction management; to analyze the most significant factors that influence affecting the construction industry; to provide construction managers with a theoretical framework for optimizing the management processes that contributes to a successful implementation of construction projects.

Research findings: It was shown that a correct choice of organizational structure can significantly increase the efficiency of construction projects. The article emphasizes the importance of adapting the organizational structure to specific conditions of each project and regularly updating the management strategy in accordance with changing requirements and environment. This approach makes construction management more flexible and adaptive to variable conditions and technological changes.

Purpose: The development of snow fences to provide the snow blowing over automobile roads to protect them from drifted snow.

Methodology/approach: Computer simulation in SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation of snow fences to study their operation. Discussion of issues related to estimating the composition, velocity, and motion of snow particles in drifted snow. Comparative analysis of different types of snow fences installed along road sections.

Research findings: The main purpose and operations conditions are determined for snow fences on automobile roads. Design modifications and efficiency factors of snow fences are studied herein.

Value: It is shown that the use of snow fences has a positive effect on winter road maintenance.

The paper deals with the problem of measuring free vibrations of metal bridge beams using the general theory of the body collision by Hertz’s method. The load-beam dynamic interaction considers inertia and acceleration in the oscillation process of bodies and presents an up-to-date contact theory of elasticity and elastoplastic deformation.

Purpose: The aim of this work the numerical solution of the contact problem suggested by L.I. Malament and the general theory of small elastoplastic deformation, load/impact dependences of the beam, collision of bodies and their inertia and acceleration in time.

Research findings: The measurement of free vibrations of bridge span beams is improved in practical conditions, which meet the modern requirements of the theory of vibrations under the dynamic load.