Preservation of wooden architecture is an important and pressing issue for most historic settlements. Wooden churches, as a manifestation of the Russian national culture, are of particular interest. With increasing urbanization, many historic settlements become deserted or even disappear, raising the problem of preserving valuable structures in their original locations.

Purpose: The purpose is to examine methods of moving wooden religious buildings to new locations in an attempt to preserve them, using the example of open-air museums in Russia. The paper studies formation process of the Vitoslavlitsy Museum in the Novgorod region, where a significant number of relocated wooden Orthodox churches have been preserved.

Methodology: The paper works on the collected and analyzed data on the methodology for relocating wooden churches to the Vitoslavlitsy Open-Air Museum. The principles of organization and operation are discussed, as well as a concept for improving the work of wooden architecture museums.

Practical implications: Research materials can be used to conduct scientific research in the field and in the preparation of projects for the organization of museums, tourist routes and other events relating to the promotion and preservation of the historical and architectural heritage.

This article is devoted to architectural and urban planning activities of Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Grie (Le Corbusier), a French architect. He created a series of plans for cities and towns, but only the plan for the city of Chandigarh (Pun-jab, India) and its administrative center (Capitol) were implemented. The paper analyzes the main socio-political and architectural-design concepts of Charles-Édouard, laid down in the Capitol master plan and the architectural-compositional and planning solutions of its seven monumental buildings.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to develop design principles of new-generation school buildings that respond to the transformation of educational paradigms and the requirements of flexibility, functionality, sustainable development, and the creation of an inclusive, safe, and stimulating learning environment.

Methodology/approach: The analysis of existing theoretical and practical research, scientific literature, and publications in the field the interaction between pedagogical and architectural practice, a review of specific examples of completed school buildings.

Research findings: The architecture of new-generation school buildings transforms them from typical institutions to multifunctional public education centers, where the environment directly influences learning and development. This environment is based on the principles of openness and transformability of spaces, integration with the city, inclusiveness, and safety. It is complemented by environmental friendliness, advanced technologies for flexible learning, and inspiring architecture. Together, this creates a unique ecosystem that fosters critical thinking, creativity, and cooperation in the new generation.

The relevance of this study is determined by the implementation of a government program to revive the southern regions of Iraq, including the renowned Mesopotamian Marshes, which possess a unique ecosystem and cultural significance for the development of ecotourism. At the same time, there is a lack of theoretical research aimed at identifying innovative methods and flexible spatial and functional models that facilitate the development of sustainable ecotourism, taking into account the specific features of the wetland landscape of this region.

Purpose: The aim of this article is to propose design approaches and adaptive models for the formation of ecotourism facilities, taking into account the conservation of wetland biodiversity and the traditional life of local communities.

Green architecture principles are adopted as the methodological basis, including biointegration, compositional relationships, landscape autonomy, and energy efficiency. These principles define the organic interaction of ecotourism infrastructure with wetland landscape components and help to minimize environmental impacts.

Research findings: 1) classification of the wetland landscape of Iraq, 2) the author's roadmap for the strategy implementation of tourist complexes in wetlands, including approaches to their design: bioclimatic design, environmentally adaptive, modular and mobile design, socially oriented design and nature-preserving zoning; the use of local technologies of traditional construction, 3) types of buildings for tourists in wetlands; specific architectural and typological models of ecotourism objects: a) floating structures; b) elevated structures; c) prototype objects; d) builtin and integrated objects; d) temporary prefabricated structures; 4) autonomous tourist complex and a schedule for its design implementation and construction.

Value: Foundations are laid for the integrated approach to ecotourism development in Iraq's wetlands. This approach takes into account environmental, architectural, and socioeconomic aspects and includes strategy; adaptive, specific approaches, design and selection of optimal architectural models for ecotourism facilities.

The study presents a comprehensive analysis of the urban development concept of Leninsk-Kuznetsky, developed by the Giprogor Institute in 1945–1947.

Purpose: The purpose is to reconstruct and evaluate the post-war planning process of a mining town at the center of the Kuznetsk coal basin (Kuzbass), which feels an urgent need to streamline spontaneous development and create a comfortable environment for the growing population.

Methodology: The methodological basis of the research is the historical and architectural analysis based on the archival documents from the Russian State University in Moscow. It makes it possible to restore the design work, stages of expertise and approval of the master plan.

Research findings: To achieve this goal, the prerequisites and urban planning problems of Leninsk-Kuznetsky are identified; the methodology based on an in-depth study of geological conditions is analyzed; alternative conceptual options for the development of the city are considered; the final design solution and the process of its approval are analyzed.

Practical implication: Research findings have not only a historical value, but also practical significance for understanding the development patterns of urbanized territories in regions with extractive industries and complex geological conditions.

Value: The significance of research lies in the fact that it makes a great contribution to the history of architecture and urban planning of the country, demonstrating an example of an integrated approach to the industrial city planning.

This study to addresses problems associated with the presence of unused industrial and riverside station territories in the Kazan River, locating in the water protection zone of the Kuibyshev Reservoir on the left bank of the Volga.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the territories to identify their problems and assess their impact on the urban planning. The urban planning potential is analyzed and assessed based on water-ecological, socio-economic, and infrastructural conditions, functional-territorial needs as reflected in strategic documents, and the possibility of relocating industrial facilities in the framework of the regional agglomeration policy.

Methodology: The cartographic analysis, analysis of strategic and regulatory documents and literature review.

Research findings: This work identifies the key problems and opportunities of transforming and developing industrial and riverside areas. This identification allows for the formulation of scientifically sound recommendations for the sustainable integration of these areas into the urban environment. The obtained data contribute to research into urban development of riverside zones.

A rapid urban development and interaction with natural systems, disrupt the balance between anthropogenic and natural systems. The chronology of the development of engineering landscaping in Western Siberia cities makes it possible to create a database on territories and determine the dependence between functional and aesthetic qualities of the environment.

Purpose: Identification of the main development stages of engineering services and equipment of cities in Western Siberia (Biysk, Tomsk, Omsk). Correlation between the development chronology and identification of characteristics of the formation of urban areas and their infrastructures.

Methodology: Integrated and analytical approaches, systematization of archival documents and cartographic materials.

Research findings: The main directions of the urban development in the period from the 1930s to present days are identified. The general evolution of engineering landscaping and its main development stages are determined.

The architecture of motion picture laboratories in the Arctic is a new phenomenon in domestic cinema, requiring consideration of extreme climatic conditions, permafrost, logistics constraints, and specifics of the film production. Yakut cinema features many genres, including drama, horror–especially folk horror–comedies, documentaries, and popular science films. The cinema predominantly showcases social and psychological dramas, as well as mystical works that reflect the unique traits of the national culture.

Purpose: This study aims to develop optimal architectural and planning solutions that ensure efficient film production in harsh northern conditions.

Methodology: The following methods are used to develop the architecture of motion picture laboratories: comparative analysis, generalization and structuring of information, and modeling.

Research findings: Key design criteria have been identified, such as zoning, modular construction, and energy-saving technologies. The results are applicable for building film complexes in Arctic regions.

Value: This study proposes a comprehensive approach to developing architectural and planning solutions for motion picture laboratories in the Arctic, taking into account its unique climatic and technological conditions.

No modern metropolis can be imagined without high-rise buildings, which create compositional accents and silhouettes within the city structure. Rapid urbanization makes cities similar to one another, losing their individuality due to uniform architectural design. A solution to this problem could be the use of different structural systems for high-rise buildings to diversify the architecture and interior layout.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to analyze the form-generating quality of the main structural systems of high-rise buildings and identify the interdependence between structures and architecture of high-rise buildings.

Methodology/approach: This article analyzes the Russian and foreign experience in the highrise building design, considers the architecture formation taking into account structural systems, and describes and compares architectural models of high-rise buildings.

Research findings: The analysis is given to structural systems and their impact on high-rise building design, architectural planning solutions and environmental considerations. Concepts of high-rise buildings in major Russian cities are proposed, and a pilot project is completed in Grozny.

The article examines the development of high-rise building architecture in different parts of Russia, taking into account regional and cultural conditions of the design location (sun protection devices and traditional patterns). The proposed architectural models of high-rise buildings are standard, southern, and eastern, for locations in different parts of the country. A comparative analysis provides the selection of the most effective model for Grozny.

The deformation method for the structural analysis is recognized as more accurate and reliable, as it is based on experimental deformation diagrams of materials (concrete and reinforcement). However, in practice, there are still no detailed examples of calculating the crack resistance and rigidity of bending reinforced concrete elements using a deformation model, despite its convenience and the ability to quickly obtain results through iterative procedures.

Purpose: The aim is to calculate deformation of crack resistance and rigidity of bending reinforced concrete elements (service limit state), using design parameters obtained from calculating the deformation strength of the structure (ultimate limit state).

Methodology: The study is based on initial data and design parameters obtained in the strength calculation. The methodology includes the following steps: determination of the crack formation moment by summing internal forces, arising from normal stresses in each small section; calculation of the distance between adjacent cracks, taking into account the tensile zone in the limit state; calculation of the crack opening width depending on stresses in tensile reinforcement. Determination of the element deflection taking into account the maximum curvature calculated using the deformation modulus.

The paper also presents the adopted assumptions and prerequisites, theoretical formulas with respect to calculated ultimate strains and stresses (including the strain modulus).

Research findings: A practical calculation example was performed, and a comparative analysis was conducted, calculating the percentage difference in between the deformation and standard (limit state) methods.

Value: The novelty of the paper lies in the algorithm development for practical calculation of the crack resistance and rigidity of bending element based on the deformation model for the structural analysis.

Reverberation is one of the main processes that determines noise in industrial premises with pulsed sound sources. Its study uses data on the sound absorption coefficients of fences, including acoustical lining used to reduce the pulse noise. It is known that the sound absorption coefficient of effective acoustical lining can vary significantly within the octave frequency bands. Therefore, it is recommended to use arithmetic mean octave sound absorption coefficients according to regulatory documents, otherwise, it can lead to significant errors in the assessment of reverberation processes occurring in rooms.

Purpose: Using computer modeling of reverberation processes in rooms, to measure the sound absorption coefficient of effective sound-absorbing materials, ensuring the calculation accuracy in octave frequency bands of time-variable noise in a room.

Research findings: Based on the proposed computer technique, it is found that in the case of significant changes in the sound absorption coefficient in the octave frequency band, the attenuation of the octave sound level is determined by the rate of sound decrease in the third-octave frequency band with a minimum average sound absorption coefficient. This coefficient should be taken into account when studying reverberation processes in rooms with acoustical lining.

The work shows the need for a mathematical justification of the complex structural church design including the spatial blocking of the roof representing arches and a dome.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to obtain and analyze the stress-strain state of the pile foundation, above-ground structures such as flat walls and floors, spatial arches and dome roofing.

Methodology/approach: Modeling of the stress-strain state of the base, pile foundation, and above-ground load-bearing structures is performed in Ing+2021 MicroFe.

Value: The obtained results ensure the calculated reliability of the developed project documentation for the Church of New Martyrs and Confessors of Russia.

Research findings: The obtained values and longitudinal force distribution in piles indicate a sufficiently high flexural stiffness of the basement and above-ground parts of the church, when the highest longitudinal forces occur not in the internal piles, but in the corner and marginal piles. At the same time, the vertical pile displacement is significantly less than the maximum permissible value. In the building superstructure block, the operational factor of masonry is less than unity, and the condition for the ultimate limit state is satisfied. The proposed design reinforcement ensures the load-bearing capacity and reliability for arches, dome, and reinforced concrete belts beneath them.

The relevance of the study is due to the necessity of the foundation reinforcement and removal of the emergency status from a building located in Tomsk. Engineering-geological conditions, including the presence of a layered section, two aquifers, quarries and ravines, as well as the landslide slope of the right bank of the Tom River, require the implementation of comprehensive works for the ground survey and reinforcement.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to develop and implement design solutions for eliminating voids and cavities in the ground, and improve the load-bearing capacity of the building foundation. Engineering-geological surveys include borehole drilling and geophysical studies such as seismic and electrical exploration.

Research findings: As a result of the conducted work, design solutions are developed, including filling voids with injection solutions, installation of an external clip, and compaction of the ground foundation. These measures allow stabilizing the soil condition and prevent further development of deformations.

Methodology: Special attention is paid to the analysis of graphs, including the design scheme for compaction during hydraulic fracturing and the creep graph under constant stress state according to the rheological model by A.M. Samedov and D.V. Tkach for compacted soils. These graphs are compared and demonstrate a change in pressure during the compaction. Based on the experimental site, an actual compaction scheme during hydraulic fracturing is obtained, allowing to assess the effectiveness of the conducted activities and confirm the compliance of design solutions with real conditions.

Value: Research results confirm that engineering-geological surveys are essential stages of foundation reinforcement and removal of the emergency status of the building. They provide a reliable basis for making decisions and developing effective measures for reinforcement, which ultimately contributes to enhancing the safety and durability of structures. Soil creep is one of the key factors affecting the soil stress-strain state, and requires special attention in building design and operation.

Reducing the calculated water temperature in the heating network can lead to a significant increase in its consumption. One of the most effective measures to reduce the water flow rate in the heating network is to increase the calculated difference in water temperatures in the heating system. This is possible if the calculated water temperature in the return line is reduced. The literature mainly considers only the economic component of this solution.

Purpose: Studying the possible reduction in the water flow rate by increasing the temperature difference in the heating network while ensuring the required temperature of internal air in the premises.

Methodology: In heating point circuits, it is recommended to use two-stage circuits in which the return line heat is used to preheat tap water for the hot water supply. In low-temperature heating systems, the return line heat can be insufficient, so a single-stage parallel hot water supply heat exchanger can be more efficient. Calculations are performed for the heating station with the different ratio between the maximum thermal power of hot water supply and heating, different design temperatures of supply and return water for two- and single-stage heat point circuits.

Research findings: In the case when the estimated heat load of hot water supply is 40 to 60 %, the best temperature regime in the premises is provided by a single-stage parallel circuit of hot water supply heat exchangers at 40 °C temperature of return line water in the heating system. If the heating load of the hot water supply ranges from 60 to 80 %, it is advisable to use the two-stage mixed circuit at 40 °C water temperature in the return line. If the heating load is higher than 80 %, it is possible to use the two-stage mixed circuit at 70 °C water temperature in the return line.

Value: The selected heat point circuit is the best for both economy and thermal engineering, depending on the ratio between the thermal power of hot water supply and heating and calculated temperatures of water in the heating network.

One of the tasks in the construction and operation of residential and public buildings is to meet the requirements for indoor microclimate. Current thermal microclimate depends on the building heat exchange with the external environment and on the climate control equipment. At the same time, the heat exchange with the external environment depends on constantly changing external conditions: air temperature, direct and diffuse solar radiation, radiant heat exchange with surrounding objects, and non-stationary heat transfer through ground foundations. All this must be taken into account by engineering climate systems in order to ensure rooms with the appropriate microclimate.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to compare annual heat losses of a building through enclosing structures of rooms, both in and not in contact with ground foundations, determine the contribution of heat loss through soil foundations to overall heat losses through opaque enclosing structures.

Methodology: The studies include computational experiments to determine an unsteady indoor heat transfer quantities in the surrounding environment. The unsteady heat transfer boundary problem is expressed in parametric form and contains variable similarity criteria.

Research findings: Indoor studies are conducted at various parameters, using archival meteorological data for Moscow, 2011. The heat exchange with the soil foundation influence on the overall transient heat exchange is determined for different seasons and different orientations inside the building relative to cardinal directions. It is shown that indoor contact with the soil foundation leads to an increase in the average heat loss over seasons, regardless of the cardinal orientation and parameters of enclosing structures. The minimal increase in relative heat loss (no more than 18 %) occurs in winter. The maximum impact of the contact between rooms and soil foundation occurs in summer. Heat loss increases up to fourfold compared to rooms not in contact with the soil and, depending on the type of the enclosing structure, it can be two times higher on the southern façade than on the northern one. For rooms in contact with soil foundations, the average seasonal amplitudes of daily changes in the heat loss are reduced for all types of enclosing structures.

Purpose: To substantiate the need to apply systems and complex engineering approaches to ensure a stable development of water supply and sewerage systems, as well as the to improve criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of their operation based on the calculation of hydraulic indicators.

Methodology: Complex analysis, classification of pipeline networks, reconstruction according to the level of operational resource losses, quantitative hydraulic assessment of pipes using the coefficient of hydraulic operational efficiency.

Research findings: Traditional methods of the network reconstruction and criteria for assessing their operational quality, including the coefficient of hydraulic efficiency, are analyzed. Systems and complex engineering approaches are based on the comprehensive assessment of the technical, organizational, managerial and economic aspects of the functioning and development of networks.

Value: The effectiveness of applying systems and complex engineering approaches to the reconstruction and operation of engineering networks is substantiated and proved. The necessity of introducing intelligent technologies for monitoring and rebuilding pipelines is substantiated, as well as the need for training specialists in this field.

The length expansion of the tubular bridge spans indicates the need to improve the strength analysis of modern loads, which do not exclude a keyboard effect in the beam operation.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study bending and torsion deformation and the keyboard effect in tubular bridge spans with reduced rigidity under difficult loading conditions.

Research findings: The theoretical calculation for the stability of bridge spans is improved within the different range of [формула] relations.

Value: A complex stress state of such bridge spans determines their spatial operation by changing the transverse pressure on the beams during bending and torsion deformation, and thus reflects the novelty and relevance of the research considered in the article.

Rayleigh surface waves play a significant role in the seismic impact on extended and high-rise buildings, inducing substantial inertial effects and internal forces. However, modern approaches to modeling the seismic performance of buildings often neglect the wave nature of the surface-wave propagation, which may lead to underestimation of the dynamic response of structures. Therefore, it is relevant to develop engineering methods that can correctly reproduce the spatiotemporal structure of the Rayleigh-wave field in computational models.

Purpose: The aim is to develop and theoretically substantiate the concept of replacing the displacement field of incoming Rayleigh surface wave with an equivalent asynchronous multipoint (multi-support) kinematic excitation applied to the building supports. Measurement of the main parameters and design of algorithm for practical implementation in standard software.

Methodology: The study is based on solving Navier equations for a linear-elastic isotropic half-space. The pure temporal-shift property of the Rayleigh-wave field is utilized for the free surface. A dimensionless asynchrony parameter is introduced, relating the building geometry, the wave phase velocity, and the dire of the wave incidence. The applicability of this approach is evaluated as well as the error of the plane-wave approximation, and the influence of wavefront curvature are analyzed.

Research findings: An engineering formulation is proposed and rigorously justified that allows to replace the continuous Rayleigh surface-wave field by a set of kinematic excitations at the building supports with deterministic time shifts. The key result is the introduction of the asynchrony parameter, which serves as a criterion for distinguishing between the synchronous and substantially asynchronous excitation. An upper bound for the influence of wavefront curvature is obtained, defining the applicability limits of the equivalent replacement.

Practical implication: The developed approach provides a correct account for the wave incidence direction and building dimensions, as well as the computational efficiency by generating excitations at all supports from a single baseline record.

Rayleigh surface waves play a significant role in the seismic impact on extended and high-rise buildings, inducing substantial inertial effects and internal forces. However, modern approaches to modeling the seismic performance of buildings often neglect the wave nature of the surface-wave propagation, which may lead to underestimation of the dynamic response of structures. Therefore, it is relevant to develop engineering methods that can correctly reproduce the spatiotemporal structure of the Rayleigh-wave field in computational models.

Purpose: The aim is to develop and theoretically substantiate the concept of replacing the displacement field of incoming Rayleigh surface wave with an equivalent asynchronous multipoint (multi-support) kinematic excitation applied to the building supports. Measurement of the main parameters and design of algorithm for practical implementation in standard software.

Methodology: The study is based on solving Navier equations for a linear-elastic isotropic half-space. The pure temporal-shift property of the Rayleigh-wave field is utilized for the free surface. A dimensionless asynchrony parameter is introduced, relating the building geometry, the wave phase velocity, and the dire of the wave incidence. The applicability of this approach is evaluated as well as the error of the plane-wave approximation, and the influence of wavefront curvature are analyzed.

Research findings: An engineering formulation is proposed and rigorously justified that allows to replace the continuous Rayleigh surface-wave field by a set of kinematic excitations at the building supports with deterministic time shifts. The key result is the introduction of the asynchrony parameter, which serves as a criterion for distinguishing between the synchronous and substantially asynchronous excitation. An upper bound for the influence of wavefront curvature is obtained, defining the applicability limits of the equivalent replacement.

Practical implication: The developed approach provides a correct account for the wave incidence direction and building dimensions, as well as the computational efficiency by generating excitations at all supports from a single baseline record.

Due to the high cost-effectiveness and construction speed of frame structures, they are widely used in modern construction. In the framed structure design, the most difficult computational problems are emergency situations, in particular, uneven foundation settlement and accidental dynamic impacts during the construction and operation. Understanding causes, consequences and methods of prevention the framed structure settlement, is critically important to ensure their durability and safety.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the redistribution of efforts in framed structure elements in emergency situations.

Methodology: Experimental modeling based on the PASCO system is used to measure forces in the rods.

Research findings: The force redistribution in the elements mounted to a columnar foundation with nonuniform foundation settlement is identified. The most dangerous situations are identified, in which additional calculations or additional experimental model studies are required.

Value: The data obtained in the work show the effectiveness of using experimental modeling for further analysis and design of wireframe systems.