The paper analyzes buildings with cultural and educational functions, built with the participation of merchants to identify their contribution to the architectural and cultural environment of the cities of Krasnoyarsk and Achinsk. Research is determined by the lack of study of this topic, which prevents the identification of stages of historical and urban development of these cities and the cultural code of the region. Today, this leads to a depreciation of the historical significance of buildings.

The aim of this work is to identify the objects of cultural and educational infrastructure built on the initiative and at the expense of merchants. The analysis is given to their historical and architectural contributions. Research is based on bibliography, historical and archival documents, field study, and complex and systems analysis.

The paper confirms the participation of merchants in the emergence of buildings of cultural and educational institutions, which are of significant historical and cultural value. This, in turn, proves the main hypothesis of the merchant class influence on the formation of the architectural style of Krasnoyarsk and Achinsk.

The article considers the architectural style and its physical, artistic, symbolic forms. Symbolism in architecture has been used since antiquity as a transmission of certain sacred information. It traditionally utilizes digital and graphic symbols. Modern architecture partially uses both traditional symbolism and new solutions. Classical and modern techniques, their combination are always in demand, as they give an architect the tools to work at the highest artistic level the architectural symbolism represents.

The purpose of this work is to identify methods of elaborating the symbolic level of the architectural style. Research methods include the analysis of symbolic techniques, such as digital/numerical symbols; graphic/geometric symbols; conceptually-planning and conceptual spatial levels provided with associations, metaphors and direct imitation. All techniques are illustrated by classical and modern architectural objects and architectural competitions on space exploration (Moontopia, Moon Trip).

Symbolism of architectural style considers the prerogative of classical and ancient architecture; it is in demand and demonstrates a new development stage and acquires a modern symbolic language.

The steppe culture is very diverse and beautiful. There is an opinion that wanderers (nomads) have no culture, art or architecture of their own. This is not entirely true. Since ancient times, the steppe culture has developed from generation to generation, preserving its traditional roots and enriching itself with new trends. Recently, the Altai Republic has attracted a large number of tourists. What is important for tourists? First of all, a cozy place to sleep and rest. Altai traditional houses, namely  ails, yurts and chadyrs are such places. It is thus important to preserve the traditional houses of Altai. It not only the use of traditional elements, but also the architectural philosophy. In the 21st century, small traditional peoples involved in the development of their culture, face the problem of preserving and transferring national and regional specificity to a new generation. These include the Turkic indigenous people, who live in the Altai Republic.

The paper investigates the renovation consequences of the industrial urban area for the residential development with commercial premises. The paper studies social services such as kindergartens, schools, polyclinics in compliance with the urban planning standards. The collected data show that loads are shifted toward the existing structure which will lead to the deterioration of the quality of the environment. According to the data of the city statistics, the plant is not an exception to the general trend in the city development. The paper is a continuation of research started in the paper ‘Quantitative assessment of renovation of “Petmol” Plant in SaintPetersburg”.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to identify the main historical stages of multi-storey sports complex formation and structure.

Design: The article presents the main stages of the formation and development of sports facilities in Russia and abroad with the characterization for each stage. The prerequisites and need are determined for the emergence and distribution of multi-level sports complexes in the largest cities. Based on the statistical data, training spaces can be organized in the structure of multi-level sports complexes; recommendations are given to the complex structure. The structure of the multilevel complex as multifunctional center is described with a wide range of possibilities in the training process.

Practical implications: Identification of the main functional elements of multilevel sports complexes.

Originality/value: Identification of the main historical stages preceding the formation of a new type of sports facilities.

The paper presents the comparative analysis of optimization of the multi-element rod system under static and pulse loads at a variable number of design parameters. It is shown that the design concept of generalization of design variables can significantly reduce not only the complexity of solving the optimization problem, but also the quality of the optimum solution. Approaches are proposed for generalizing the multidimensional design parameters for the twodimensional case at the restrictions of the maximum equivalent stress and strain. The proposed optimization of the frame structure proves the effectiveness of these approaches.

The structural analysis is currently based on the limit state method. Meeting the strength, rigidity, crack resistance requirements ensures the required structural reliability. But the limit state method does not allow to determine the numerical value of reliability. This can be done only by applying probabilistic methods that are greatly developed in the late 20th century.

Their practical use is hindered by a number of factors, among which is the lack of reasonable values of the reliability specification. The reliability specification of structures is determined by their normal operation including deformation and vibrations causing certain difficulties. Structural failures in this case have both economic and social consequences. There are very few works considering this problem. This is most likely due to the fact that the calculation of suitability for normal operation plays a secondary role. Violation of serviceability conditions does not lead to large economic, environmental and social consequences. But it is still necessary to consider the reliability specification in this area. This article determines the reliability specification by structure deformations based on aesthetic and psychological requirements. The proposed method for determining the reliability specification is based on deflection, which, in turn, depend on the effective load and structural rigidity.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study and analyze the influence of climatic conditions on the building construction in the territory of the Republic of Kalmykia.

Methodology/approach: A combination of different research methods, including the data analysis and synthesis, comparative method, method of induction and deduction; the related literature review. Research find ings: It is shown that difficult geological factors such as destruction of the upper layer of the lithosphere immersed in the formation of small particles of quartz, sand, contribute to the formation of dust, which must be considered in the construction of industrial and civil objects. Particular attention is paid to small openings and areas where these particles can pass. A thorough preparation of a building, its waterproofing and dust insulation leads to an increase in the building cost, which affects the economic indicators in the region. Groundwater and salinization also affect the repair and investment in construction and housing and communal services in the region.

Practical implications: The research results can be used in theoretical studies and practice of the influence of climatic conditions on the building construction.

The paper studies reinforced concrete principal and secondary trusses of a one-floor industrial building made as a precast reinforced concrete frame. The aim of the work is to restore the serviceability of reinforced principal and secondary trusses after instrumental examination with regard to the detected significant corrosion damage of reinforcement and longitudinal cracks in the protective concrete layer with opening width of several millimeters. After the analysis of the building structural scheme, its stress-strain state is simulated in the MicroFe software, and a calculation model is developed allowing for the identified damages of reinforced concrete structures and the proposed design solution for the truss reinforcement. The serviceability restoration of principal and secondary trusses implies the creation of solid truss elements, the joint operation of the reinforcement with the repaired protective concrete layer, and secondary truss reinforcement with polymer fibers.

The article presents the calculation and modeling of heat and mass transfer that determines the operating modes of heat pumps. The physical and mathematical simulation aims at the operation of geothermal heat pumps. It is shown that numerical simulation of the main physical mechanisms affecting the efficiency of the ground heat collection are little used for practical calculations in design of heat pump systems. The use of numerical simulation results is limited by specific geographical and climatic conditions that do not allow generalizing numerical, full-scale or laboratory experiments. Especially noticeable is a lack of complete design methods of ground heat collection systems in northern regions. A promising direction of future research is identified to obtain the data on the effect of heat and moisture transfer in the soil on the performance of geothermal heat pumps.

The paper considers the heat stability of enclosing structures of frame-supporting buildings. These buildings are characterized by a significant heterogeneity of enclosing structures. The supporting structures have a large number of uprights, beams, lintels, connectors, and heat-conducting elements such as building corners, balconies, window and door jambs, and plinth nodes.

Two typical junctions are considered for a frame-supporting building with light gauge steel framing and wooden frames. The Simulation module of the SolidWorks software is used to analyze the obtained minimum and maximum temperature on the inner surface. The diagram of the temperature distribution is suggested for two design solutions, i.e., the outer corner and floor junction, and the light gauge steel framing and wooden frame-supporting structure. It is found that near the heat-conducting elements, the maximum allowable value is exceed by 5 and 3 times for the light gauge steel and wooden framing respectively, which does not meet the standard requirements. The temperature fluctuations are observed in the junction between the floor and wall. Thus, for the light gauge steel framing, the temperature fluctuations occur at a distance of ~200 mm in the room, while in wooden-frame building, this distance is ~100 mm.

The paper describes the application of calcium-containing industrial waste for the ceramics production with the anorthite formation in the phase composition. The ceramic mixture compositions are studied using industrial waste in the amount of 10–80 wt.% for the formation of the anorthite phase. The physical and mechanical properties of the laboratory samples are studied, their maximum mechanical strength being 43.4, 41.2 and 36.2 MPa for gas treatment residue, blast furnace sludge and converter slag, respectively. It is found that the anorthite phase content grows with increasing content of gas treatment residue and blast furnace sludge.

The paper presents the analysis of the composition development of fine concrete. The design algorithm is proposed for the fine concrete composition with respect to its initial properties, including finely-dispersed components providing a homogeneous dense concrete structure with high performance properties. The proposed method is tested for the concrete composition with the multifunctional additive. The results concern the effect of this additive on the performance of fine concrete.

The paper studies the quality improvement of the transportation infrastructure and the increase in their inter-repair period with respect to regional conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic in clarifying the boundaries of road-building climatic zones. The boundary standardization of the territory zoning is based on absolute height topography marks and the annual precipitations recorded by. The rugged topography with peaks and valleys, a significant reduction in the number of hydrometeorological stations restrict the possibility of correct territory zoning. The paper proposes the data processing technique for the analysis of road-building climatic zoning on the Kyrgyzstan territory, which is one of the urgent problems of the road industry.