The article concerns the final architectural and design activity of Hector Guimar (1867–1942), when he was forced to withdraw from his unique Guimar style. During this period, the sociopolitical and cultural life of Europe underwent fundamental changes. Bourgeois modernism was replaced by more laconic democratic styles (functionalism, constructivism, etc.). Not wanting to lose the professional orders, the French architect created projects with-out the former plastics and warmth. It is noted that before the World War II, he was mainly engaged in the design of multistorey residential buildings, occasionally, in decorative design of their facades and interiors, elements of technical equipment. His architectural projects of that period are residential complexes on Rue Jean de la Fontaine and Rue Agar (1910–1912), House Tremois on Rue François Millet (1909–1910), synagogue building Agoudas Hakehilos on Rue Pavee (1913–1914). Briefly considered the vicissitudes of his life after his departure to the United States (1938).

Recreational areas of Voronezh require urban optimization to create comfortable living conditions for citizens by the reason of physical and moral wear of elements of amenities and plantings. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate plantings on the Deputatskaya street in optimizing the urban development and the landscape-planning structure for the scientific justification for the creation of adaptive landscaping systems. The research algorithm includes the sequence and parallelism of activities for conducting complex analytical processes, field and cameral works, and a model-concept of the territory improved according to the principles of urban optimization.

The paper discusses the results of architectural principles for optimizing recreational area using urban planning methods. The main conceptual approaches are identified. It is shown that preproject activities for the development of adaptive, kind of statement hypothesis involving the interconnected solution of urban planning problems, identifying potential key objects, building targeted walking routes as well as determining the tourist function, the geographical boundaries, etc., such optimization can significantly improve the level and quality of life in the city.

The article discusses the results of architectural principles for optimizing the structure of recreational territories by urban planning methods. The main conceptual approaches are identified. It has been established that pre-project activities for the development of adaptive, a kind of statement (hypothesis), involving the interconnected solution of urban planning problems, identifying potential key objects, building targeted walking routes, as well as determining the tourist function, the geographical boundaries of the object, etc., such structuring can significantly improve the level and quality of life of the population of the city.

The article describes the planning structure and architecture of one of the first residential settlements built after the Civil War in Rostov-on-Don, the cooperative society “Tramvayshchik”. Step-by-step changes in Rostov occurred in the 1920s. Almost each architectural project of the mid-1920s is characterized by the traditional dependence on spatial planning, a regular development of residential settlements with buildings around the perimeter, with conventional differentiation of urban spaces into utilitarian and festive. It is demonstrated that planning solutions of the residential settlements are a combination of both traditional and popular principles of ribbon development with drastic urban decompaction and site landscaping. Planning of residential buildings is strongly influenced by Art Nouveau and Neo-classical architecture. It is concluded that the construction site and the existing patterns of spatial and visual thinking are a sort of significant formative factors here; the residential settlements are a synthesis of the old and new traditions in architectural and urban development during the transition period of the mid-1920s.

The aim of this work is to identify the existing design objects of tree shaping representing visual communication of the city and a feasibility of its use in the urban environment. Research findings: The current problems of cities include degradation of green spaces, low level of environmental improvement and landscape organization and insufficient visual communication elements that contribute to the creation of appropriate urban environment. To reduce the negative factors of the anthropogenic environment, tree shaping is proposed to improve the urban architecture and development. Tree shaping is hardy-shrub species resistant (adaptive) to the humane correction; their trunks and branches represent architectural forms. Depending on the arrangement, tree shaping can be attributed to the elements of open and closed spaces of different functional purposes. This paper discusses tree shaping as visual communication elements of the city, such as street advertising and information boards, advertising towers, banners, environmental guidelines, etc. Tree shaping can be attributed to wellestablished scientific tradition in western countries, but in Russia it is still underdeveloped. Approach: Comparative analysis of tree shaping design solutions. Practical implications: Tree shaping as the urban visual communication contributes to the creation of eco-friendly, aesthetical and informative environment of the city. The obtained results can be used in research works devoted to tree shaping. Originality/value: This research proposes the use of tree shaping objects as visual communication of the city.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to identify and collect the data on the engineering equipment routinely used for stove heating, which possesses a unique architectural potential determining its typology and preservation. Design/methodology/approach: In addition to a fullscale study, the historical review is given. This study determines the principles the stove arrangement in wooden houses. Research findings: A rapid loss of both historical wooden houses and stove heating systems is shown, which are considered to be the key elements for maintaining a valuable historical environment. A need for determining the causes of the destruction and loss of historical houses is shown. Originality/value: The research includes the not yet published data on historical houses, in particular, at the address 33, October street, Tomsk, Russia, built in the 19– 20th centuries, which is of high architectural potential. Practical implications: The results can be used in preservation of engineering equipment of stove heating in historical wooden houses.

Specific properties of optimum systems have been already considered in previous research. Moreover, the criteria were proposed for a correct assessment of proximity of optimum to minimum material consumption. In particular, the criteria are proposed for rods of rectangular crosssection with stability or first eigen-frequency limits. These criteria can be used for problem optimization, when the rod cross-sections continuously change longitudinally. The obtained optimum solutions can be considered as a perfect limited object. This optimum project function allows researcher to assess the real design solution using the proximity limit criterion (for example, material consumption limit). This kind of optimum design can also be used as a guideline for real design in terms of a stage-by-stage process of transition from a perfect to real object. In this case, it is possible to assess changes in the object optimality at each stage as compared to the initial and idealized solutions. In particular, one of the variants of the process includes replacing the rod with continuous longitudinally varying cross-sections by a rod with piecewise constant sections. The section boundaries can be based on a perfect object, and cross-sections can be determined by one of the optimization methods. This paper presents criteria, which ensure the reliable definition of the time of completion of the optimization process.

Specific properties of optimum systems have been already considered in previous research. Moreover, the criteria were proposed for a correct assessment of proximity of optimum to minimum material consumption. In particular, the criteria are proposed for rods of rectangular crosssection with stability or first eigen-frequency limits. These criteria can be used for problem optimization, when the rod cross-sections continuously change longitudinally. The obtained optimum solutions can be considered as a perfect limited object. This optimum project function allows researcher to assess the real design solution using the proximity limit criterion (for example, material consumption limit). This kind of optimum design can also be used as a guideline for real design in terms of a stage-by-stage process of transition from a perfect to real object. In this case, it is possible to assess changes in the object optimality at each stage as compared to the initial and idealized solutions. In particular, one of the variants of the process includes replacing the rod with continuous longitudinally varying cross-sections by a rod with piecewise constant sections. The section boundaries can be based on a perfect object, and cross-sections can be determined by one of the optimization methods. This paper presents criteria, which ensure the reliable definition of the time of completion of the optimization process.

Specific properties of optimum systems have been already considered in previous research. Moreover, the criteria were proposed for a correct assessment of proximity of optimum to minimum material consumption. In particular, the criteria are proposed for rods of rectangular crosssection with stability or first eigen-frequency limits. These criteria can be used for problem optimization, when the rod cross-sections continuously change longitudinally. The obtained optimum solutions can be considered as a perfect limited object. This optimum project function allows researcher to assess the real design solution using the proximity limit criterion (for example, material consumption limit). This kind of optimum design can also be used as a guideline for real design in terms of a stage-by-stage process of transition from a perfect to real object. In this case, it is possible to assess changes in the object optimality at each stage as compared to the initial and idealized solutions. In particular, one of the variants of the process includes replacing the rod with continuous longitudinally varying cross-sections by a rod with piecewise constant sections. The section boundaries can be based on a perfect object, and cross-sections can be determined by one of the optimization methods. This paper presents criteria, which ensure the reliable definition of the time of completion of the optimization process.

The paper deals with porous gypsum building materials having heat-insulating properties and applied in low-rise building construction, in the manufacture of flat and room dividers.

Anhydrite of the Siberian Chemical Combine together with sodium carbonate is used as a gas-forming component. To regulate the plasticity of the mortar mixture, the Steinberg MP-4 and Steinberg PR-1S(A) superplasticizers are introduced into the composition, and their effect on the porous gypsum mixture properties is studied.

The analysis of the superplasticizer influence on the properties shows that the use of the Steinberg MP-4 with the amount of 2 wt.% of gypsum is optimum to achieve high strength of up to 27 MPa, while providing high mobility of the porous mixture. The main role of superplasticizers in a gypsum water-soluble composition is to increase the ξ-potential of the material and to reduce the water-gypsum ratio of the mixture while maintaining its mobility. The effect of superplasticizers largely depends on the initial modification of the binder, its dispersibility and mobility.

The paper presents the research results of the building material destruction due to hightemperature evaporation of heterogeneous solid-fuel combustion products. The aim of this work is to determine basic laws of destruction of non-metallic constructional materials (brick, concrete, granite) under the influence of high-temperature evaporation of heterogeneous solidfuel combustion products and develop a physical model of the process. A gas-dynamic setup is used to conduct the experiments, which allows to vary the stagnation pressure. The destruction rate of the material and the depth of resulting craters are chosen as characterization parameters. The dependence of the destruction rate and the crater depth on the stagnation pressure is compared with the similar data for steel. The stress values are obtained for the surface layer of the material. The proposed physical model of the destruction process of non-metallic constructional materials is based on excess of stresses of the material strength limit arising in its subsurface layer. The obtained results can be used to ensure the safety of special-purpose buildings at extreme thermal effects on the structural elements.

The paper deals with the quality of gas concrete by using a number of process technologies that can significantly improve the potential of the added components. The proposed technology for composite gas concrete production improves its physical-and-mechanical properties due to the use of a rotary-pulsation apparatus, which creates high-frequency vibrations accompanied by cavitation and produced a high-quality polymer emulsion and the aluminum powder. Due to high-quality saponification, the gasifier evenly distributes in the concrete paste structure and reacts with the cement binder, thereby creating a uniform pore space. And the polymer emulsion envelopes pores and improves the material hydrophobicity and strength.

In modern construction practice, more than half of buildings in operation require modernization of thermal insulation. However, in order to select an effective insulation system, it is necessary to know the actual thermal and technical characteristics of structures and parameters of the building internal environment. The paper analyzes methods and equipment for evaluation of the thermal performance of outdoor enclosures. The advantages and disadvantages of the main devices recommended by the regulatory documents for field research are shown. According to the data obtained, a heat engineering complex is developed for conducting field studies of heat and humidity of wall structures and microclimate of building premises. Software improvement together with Arduino reader device allow monitoring both at stationary and non-stationary thermal conditions of external enclosures and indoor climate parameters in field conditions.

The large part of the Russian Federation locates in arctic and subarctic climatic zones, which determine the specificity of design, construction and operation of sewage systems of these regions. Nowadays, the most part of small Arctic towns has no wastewater treatment facilities, while the available biological treatment facilities do not work properly. An alternative way is physicochemical treatment, which is more resistant to severe climate and volley wastewater discharge than biological treatment. The paper presents the research results of total change the biological into physicochemical treatment. The main stages of such a treatment include coagulation, filtration, oxidation and two-stage filtration (mechanical and absorption). The experiments show a 90.8% decrease in the concentration of chemical oxygen and a 74% and 82.5% decrease in nitrates and ammonium.

The paper studies the interaction between the building construction and composite-based soil with a view to determine its elastic properties affecting the structure deformation and internal forces. The soil model is assumed to be elastic, according to the Winkler coefficient calculated from the Kolosov stress decay function. The Galerkin numerical method used in calculations utilizes basic functions corresponding to the type of fixing the discontinuous and continuous structures. Unknown coefficients in linear combinations of basic functions are obtained via linear algebra methods, solving the system of equations. The force functions of the structure are found by derivation of the deflection function. Geological parameters are accepted to be real and matching the construction conditions of a large industrial warehouse of agricultural designation in the Pskov region, Russia. The soil effect on the flexural strength, shearing forces, and bearing reaction is estimated under the discontinuous and continuous structures at the available geological soil parameters. The structure setting on composite-based soils under the operating load is predicted herein.

The liquid asphalt binder in a cylindrical tube is described in terms of the Ostwald-de Waele model. The dependence of the liquid flow rate on the pressure drop; dependencies are obtained for radial distribution of the flow rate and viscosity. The medium structuring, which is most noticeable at low values of nonlinearity leads to the almost uniform profile of the core flow rate, which is typical to the plastic flow. The liquid pseudoplastic media with a law nonlinearity is characterized by the presence of a highly viscous core and a narrow region of the near-wall flow with low values of effective viscosity. With increasing in medium consistency, the average viscosity increases. This effect is most pronounced for flow motions at a small pressure drop. For low values of the pressure drop, the non-Newtonian properties of the medium lead to a significant hydraulic resistance due to the presence of the inner structure. With increasing pressure drop, hydraulic resistance decreases due to the medium destruction.

This paper presents research results of subgrade deformations leading to the loss of road stability on the Osh-Isfana road section in the South of Kyrgyzstan. The soil humidity of the sloping subgrade area occurs due to precipitation, so the paper considers the relationship between the subgrade settlement and atmospheric precipitation in the road-climatic zone V. The influence of the soil humidity on its physical and mechanical properties are determined as well as the critical values of humidity for each investigated area, when deformation can occur. The geological structure and parameters of physical and mechanical properties of soils are determined in the road section at issue. Subgrade settlement is evaluated and predicted in this work. The results can be used in road design and reconstruction with regard to the geological conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic.