In the context of global climate change and the growing interest in energy-efficient architectural solutions, the study of the historical experience of traditional settlements is becoming increasingly relevant.

   Purpose: Identification of patterns in the morphological formation of historic settlements in arid regions under the influence of climatic factors and systematization of principles of their architectural and climatic adaptation.

   Methodology/approach: Using Old Damascus as a case study, this research examines the planning structure, spatial composition, and architectural construction technologies that facilitate passive cooling, regulation of insolation and wind patterns, and utilization of thermal mass of materials. The study is based on a comprehensive methodology, including historical-genetic, comparative typological, and cartographic analysis.

   Research findings: Particular attention is paid to the interrelation between the social stratification of the society and typology of residential buildings. This approach reveals an invariant set of climatic elements mandatory for all segments of the population, as well as its variability determined by social status. Five generalized principles of adaptive architecture in the arid belt are formulated: the hierarchy of public and private space, compactness and maximization of shading, the use of thermal mass of materials, multi-level natural ventilation and evaporative cooling, and the socio-functional differentiation of climatic solutions.

   Practical implications: The results obtained can be applied in the design of sustainable settlements in modern arid regions, including the southern territories of Russia, as well as in the restoration and museumification of historical and architectural heritage sites.

   An interest in creating specialized co-working spaces for single mothers has emerged recently and indicates that the topic has not been sufficiently developed. Traditional housing solutions do not consider the need for infrastructure, which is critical for оne-рarent families with children.

   Purpose: The purpose of the work is to develop the social housing typology for the designated population category.

   To achieve this goal, five foreign projects are analyzed: Evolv, WILLI, Housing for Single Parents, No to Violence Shelter, Repos Maternity.

   Methodology/approach: Based on a comparative analysis of five objects, the types of architectural and spatial organization and the infrastructure integration in social housing are identified. The projects under review implement a central, self-contained urban development model that combines industrial, residential, and recreational infrastructure. Four of the five facilities offer private, subsidized rental housing, and three are designed for temporary housing.

   Research findings: All projects are located on the outskirts, due to the need to build the necessary infrastructure on moderately priced land. Architectural solutions such as glass-enclosed spaces and common rooms on each floor have a direct impact on mental and emotional well-being, helping to reduce cognitive and emotional stress for both parents and children.

   Practical implications: The use of solar panels and green roofs in these projects demonstrates that these technologies are economically viable even in subsidized housing.

   This article examines wooden churches in Western Siberia in the 19–20th centuries, namely their landscape and geographical location and functional use.

   The relevance of this study is determined by challenges of preserving historical wooden churches in modern conditions.

   Purpose: The aim of this work is to examine the historical and modern landscape and geographical aspects and functional use of wooden churches in the indicated time period in the former Tomsk province as significant aspects of their historical location and original functional purpose.

   Methodology: The study is based on historical, archival, bibliographic, and field research.

   Research findings: It is shown that landscape and geographical aspects are crucial in the location of churches, architecture and settlements. The functional use of churches contributes to their better preservation and preservation of settlements as a whole.

   This study addresses the preservation and effective functioning of a historic wooden church in modern conditions, namely the Old Rite Assumption Church Complex in Tomsk.

   Purpose: The paper examines the urban and spatial planning, the architecture of the church complex, identifies functional problems, needs, and development prospects.

   Methodology: Research methods include the analysis and systematization of historical and archival documents, bibliographic materials, field studies, and systematization of research findings.

   Practical implication: The theoretical and practical significance of this study lies in the potential use of research results in preparing lectures on the history of Siberian architecture and design documentation for the development of the Old Rite Assumption Church Complex in Tomsk.

   Value: This study analyzes the church complex in Tomsk and proposes recommendations for its development.

   Purpose: The aim is to identify the chronological dynamics of changes in requirements and approaches to the improvement and landscaping of industrial areas in the planning structure of Novosibirsk over four historical stages (before 1917, 1920–1930^s, 1940–1950^s, 1960–1980^s) and determine the relationship between the industrial structure, the class of hazard and the improvement.

   Methodology: Based on the analysis of a wide range of sources (archival documents, historical and urban planning, encyclopedias, regulatory documents, and satellite images from 1965 and 1979), four historical stages of the industrial development are identified.

   The study also includes the comparative legal method, cartography to assess the dynamics of green spaces, and statistical data processing of classes of hazard.

   Research findings: The evolution stages of the industrial sector are identified, the development of regulations of the improvement and landscaping of industrial areas are analyzed, and their impact on the urban structure is shown.

   Urbanization, climate change, and food supply chain instability necessitate the integration of local agricultural production facilities into residential buildings. Russian science lacks architectural and planning models for integrating vertical farms into housing that account for local regulations and climate.

   Purpose: The aim of the study is to develop an architectural planning concept for integrating vertical farms into residential buildings, including a typological classification, evaluation criteria, and standard planning solutions.

   Methodology: Comparative analysis of over 15 implemented foreign projects, systematization of placement options, assessment of structural, regulatory, and climatic aspects, development of modular planning solutions.

   Research findings: Six types of vertical farm placement are identified (roof, stylobate, underground parking, ground parking, facade, residential unit). A system of quantitative and qualitative criteria is developed to evaluate the architectural and urban planning potential. A minimal universal agro-block (1.2×3.0 m), typical farm-store layouts (horizontal and vertical), and the
apartment-farm model based on a standard floor are proposed. Differentiated design recommendations are formulated for temperate and sharply continental/arctic climate of Russia.

   Value: The proposed concept enables the design of vertical farms within residential buildings tailored to Russian conditions, enhancing food independence, social activation, and urban sustainability.

   The relevance of this study stems from the growing interest in national architectural traditions amid globalization and the need to re-examine historical approaches to changing the regional identity through architecture.

   Purpose: The aim of this work is to identify the origins of Finnish national romanticism through the analysis of early works of Gottlieb Eliel Saarinen (1873–1950), the prominent Finnish-American architect.

   Methodology/approach: The paper examines his formative years at the Helsinki University of Technology and his creative collaboration with A. Lindgren and G. Gesellius in the GLS architectural bureau. Using two key projects as case studies–the Julius Tallberg House in Helsinki (1897–1898) and the Hvitträsk mansion house (1901–1904)–the study analyzes urban planning strategies, functional and spatial organization, and structural features of these multifunctional buildings.

   Particular attention is paid to the integration of architecture into the natural landscape, the use of indigenous building materials, and the synthesis of the arts, all characteristic of Finnish national romanticism.

   Research findings: The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of architecture as a vehicle for cultural self-identification and enrich scholarly discourse on the emergence of modernist currents in Northern Europe.

   The historic development of the City of Orenburg dates from the late 19^th and early 20^th centuries and includes buildings whose ceramic façades perform both structural and architectural-decorative functions. Deterioration and loss of this material compromise the operational reliability of buildings, undermine the authenticity of the history, and diminish the architectural
expression of façades. Under continental climatic conditions, the principal deterioration factors include wind-driven rain, wetting–drying cycles, temperature fluctuations across 0 °C, and frost- and salt-induced damages.

   Purpose: The aim of this work of is to identify the most effective method for restoring the façade brickwork of historic buildings in Orenburg and demonstrate its application.

   Methodology/approach: The study draws on historical and archival records, documentation from previous repair and restoration projects, field measurements, photographic documentation, on-site observations, and visual surveys of façades with defect mapping. The methodological framework is based on a climate and exposure approach, involving the preparation of a climate profile for the building, defect correlation with moisture and cooling mechanisms, selection of conservative intervention techniques, and subsequent seasonal monitoring.

   Research findings: The most vulnerable areas of historic brickwork are drainage zones and junction details, where the climatic exposure results in excess moisture accumulation, efflorescence, brick deterioration, erosion of mortar joints, and localized damage. The following sequence of interventions is proposed: restoration of drainage systems and junctions, repointing with compatible mortars, localized completion and replacement of damaged brickwork and, where necessary, structural strengthening and injection consolidation.

   Value: The durability of restoration solutions for historical brick buildings in Orenburg depends on the effective management of masonry moisture. The most appropriate approach includes eliminating water penetration sources, repairing mortar joints and damaged brickwork at consistently above-freezing temperatures, and conducting seasonal inspections after snowmelt,
heavy rainfall, and winter season.

   Purpose: The study aims to identify architectural and urban-planning characteristics that determine the adaptability of courtyards and boulevards as elements of the landscape and recreational space.

   Design/methodology/approach: Research is based on 14 projects implemented in Russia and abroad. Morphological, functional-scenario, socio-spatial, and comparative analyses are combined with an expert scoring procedure using six criteria: adaptability, scenario density, inclusiveness, environmental integration, co-authorship and urban connectivity.

   Research findings: It is shown that spaces embedded in the landscape and recreational space demonstrate the higher adaptability and integral comfort. The average comfort coefficient is 2.83 for Russia and 4.42 for foreign countries. The largest gap concerns co-authorship, adaptability, and environmental integration.

   Practical implications: The proposed system can be used in pre-design analysis, courtyard redevelopment, and planning of local public spaces in residential districts.

   Originality/value: The paper offers a comparative assessment model that links the adaptability of courtyards and boulevards to their integration into landscape and residential space.

   Composite coupling beams with external reinforcement plate are a novel structural solution for shear walls in high-rise buildings whose failure mechanism is not described in Russian or international literature. Specimens are tested in Kucherenko Central Research Institute for Structural Construction under a technological support program of high-rise building design.

   Purpose: The aim of the work is to study the failure mechanism of the composite coupling beam based on the experimental data.

   Methodology: Testing of three specimens B3.1 (665 mm clear span, 345 mm section depth, 200 mm thickness, 4 mm steel plate, B30 concrete, M5 stud bolts and Ø6 ties on 110×110 mm grid). The analysis of 33 strain gauges, displacement transducers and camera recording.

   Research findings: A four-stage failure mechanism is identified: (I) linear-elastic stage; (II) steel yielding; (III) local buckling of the compressed plate (governing stage); (IV) concrete core failure. Pmax = 1301 kN, CV = 4.8 %, θu = 0.033 rad. The load-bearing capacity is 30–35 % higher that that of analogues with an encased steel profile.

   Practical implication: The experimental results can be used to create design models in Russian codes for high-rise buildings.

   This work focuses on the stress-strain state of the soil foundation slab and on the lateral surface of walls of a multi-level underground car parking using linear and nonlinear soil behavior models.

   Purpose: The aim of the work is to analyze the stress-strain state of the soil foundation slab in a linearly/non-linearly deformable medium and on the lateral surface of walls of a multi-level underground car parking.

   Methodology: The stress-strain state of the soil foundation is obtained by its modelling in the developed calculation model as a layered foundation in the foundation–base–building system using the finite element modeling in the Ing+ MicroFe software package.

   Research findings: It is found that with linear deformation of the soil foundation, vertical displacements and relative difference in vertical displacements of soil in the slab foundation do not exceed the limit values. At the load level of the soil foundation slab, when the average value of the bearing reaction under the base is 17 % less than theoretically calculated soil resistance of the underlying layer, the foundation work also satisfies conditions of the second-order limit states in accordance with the Mohr-Coulomb model.

   The relevance of the study is due to the need to improve the efficiency and quality of the injection process of cement-sand mortar during foundation soil strengthening.

   The use of a check valve and a clamping device allows achieving more uniform and stable filling of voids and cavities in the ground. Modern conditions of construction and reconstruction of facilities place increased demands on technologies for foundation soil strengthening, especially weak soils, where injection methods show insufficient effectiveness. Geotechnical monitoring based on computational software systems help to assess the stress-strain state of soil during injection. The applied approach allows not only to increase the injection efficiency but also to provide a more precise prediction of the soil behavior after strengthening, which is especially important in building design and operation.

   Purpose: The purpose of this work is to improve and commercially test injection of cement-sand mortar during foundation soil strengthening, including the use of a check valve and a clamping device.

   Research findings: It is shown that the stress-strain state of soil grows after strengthening. Calculated and real deformation of foundations decreases by 12 times, and stresses in the soil increase from 450 to 850 kN/m². The change in the pumping pressure of the mortar over time confirm its dependence on physical and mechanical properties of soil, which made it possible to more accurately regulate the injection process. Soil creep affects the stress-strain state of the foundation soil during injection of the reinforcing mortar and requires special attention when strengthening the foundation soil of buildings. It is important to note that stress relaxation after injection depends only on the pressure and physical and mechanical properties of the soil and is V = const.

   The relevance of research conducted on the influence of boundary conditions on permafrost soil temperature is determined by to the fact that a significant part of Russia is located in the permafrost zone.

   Design and construction of buildings in this area require consideration of the impact of various boundary conditions on the soil temperature. Since instrumental studies of this impact on permafrost soils are labor-intensive and time-consuming, the use of numerical calculation methods to predict changes in frozen soils is highly relevant.

   Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of various boundary conditions on the soil freezing depth under a building with a ventilated basement in Norilsk.

   Methodology/approach: Numerical software and laboratory data on thermophysical properties of soil from boreholes at the construction site are used in this work.

   Research findings: It is shown that the lower moisture content in the surface soil layers reduces the impact of phase transitions on thermal inertial properties of the soil, leading to an increased thickness of the active soil layer, where annual temperature fluctuations are observed. The absence of snow cover and direct solar radiation lead to a significant decrease in the soil temperature under the ventilated basement as compared to that under natural conditions and a decrease in the maximum thaw depth. The soil temperature changes over time after the construction completion in the annual cycle under various sections of the building with a ventilated basement and near is in climatic conditions of Norilsk.

   Value: It is shown that insulated building elements can be located directly on the soil surface, and additional thawing of the soil beneath them does not occur.

   During the operation of evacuated tubular collectors in cold climates, pure propylene glycol or its mixture with water is used as the coolant. The upper permissible heating temperature of pure propylene glycol is 187 °C, and the freezing point is –60 °C. However, the heated mixture, which does not freeze at –40 °C, boils when heated to 108 °C, decomposing into acids and toxic substances. The safety and efficiency of such solar collectors during the day can be ensured by managing their temperature regimes.

   Purpose: The aim of the work is to develop a method of temperature control of solar collectors and hardware and software complex for its implementation to ensure a safe operation and improve the efficiency of solar hot water supply systems during the daytime.

   Methodology: For the full-scale testing of the proposed method, pilot-industrial combined solar hot water supply systems with two and four evacuated tubular collectors are used in Kaftanchikovo village of the Tomsk region, in the production workshop of NPO VEST.

   Research findings: Full-scale experiments allow to obtain and analyze thermal modes of collectors, ensuring a safe operation of combined solar hot water supply systems during the daytime with increased efficiency of converting solar energy into thermal energy.

   Value: It is shown that the best collector temperature can be adjusted with the collector temperature exceeding 5 to 10 °C. This gives the maximum energy efficiency in converting solar energy into thermal energy.

   To date, the chrysotile cement technology is in demand and widely used all over the world. During its century-long existence, it has undergone automation, modernization, equipment upgrades, and solution of environmental and economic problems. Actual tasks in the field of production of chrysotile-containing products relate to search for effective binders, mod-
ifiers, fillers, and pigments. The proposed approaches make it possible to improve the, improve physicochemical and operational properties of raw materials and finished products.

   Purpose: A comprehensive analysis of the literature for the period of 1954–2024, is devoted to the production process of chrysotile composites. Technological aspects of the production of chrysotile-containing composite materials are studied using micro-reinforcing chrysotile fibers, taking into account their structural features.

   Methodology: The paper systematizes research results of methods using chrysotile fibers in the production of various chrysotile cement and chrysotile-containing materials, increasing the production efficiency based on cement and polymer binders. The analysis of Russian and foreign literature is conducted which confirms the relevance of the use of chrysotile-containing products.

  Research findings: Technological approaches ensure the production efficiency of chrysotile composites and products of various functional purposes. The component composition of chrysotile-containing materials and production process are discussed. Technical and technological efficiency of using chrysotile fibers is considered not only in the manufacture of traditional chrysotile cement products but also materials based on polymer binders.

   High-quality sample preparation is a critical step in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, but traditional methods for grinding quartz-containing materials are labor-intensive and time-consuming (up to 90 min). A rapid sample preparation ensures intensive mechanical action that does not distort the phase composition of the material.

   Purpose: Investigation of granulometric and phase transformations of quartz-containing products during vibrational grinding for the analytical sample preparation.

   Methodology: River sand samples in different fractions (1.25–0.63, 0.63–0.315, 0.315–0.16 and < 0.16 mm) were mechanically activated in an IV-Micro vibratory grinder for 5 and 10 min. The particle size distribution was measured by sieving using 0.9–0.071 mm sieves. A Shimadzu XRD-6000 diffractometer was used to study phase transformations. The samples crushed manually in an agate mortar and in a vibratory grinder were compared.

   Research findings: It was found that 5-min grinding reduced the content of coarse fractions (0.63 and 0.315 mm) while simultaneously increasing the proportion of fine particles (< 0.14 mm). The time increase up to 10 min led to a complete disappearance of > 0.315 mm particles and the accumulation of the ultrafine phase. The XRD analysis showed that vibratory grinding did not affect the phase composition of quartz, i. e., only the SiO₂ phase was identified in river sand and quartzite. It was found that the decrease in the relative intensity of secondary diffraction maxima was determined by the particle aggregation.

   The study addresses a scientific and technical challenge of developing promising mullite-containing materials for high-temperature applications under extreme energy conditions.

   Purpose: The aim of the work is to investigate the effect of the ZrO₂ addition (5 to 20 wt. %) on the phase composition and microstructure of mullite composites produced by plasma synthesis.

   Methodology/approach: X-ray microtomography and IR spectroscopy show stabilization of the tetragonal phase ZrO₂ (characteristic band ∼570 cm^–1) at the ZrO₂ content of 15–20 wt. % and 120 A current, which is accompanied by local distortions of the mullite crystal lattice due to Zr⁴⁺ introduction.

   Research findings: Parameters of arc plasma synthesis are experimentally determined for the mullite ceramic composition with the addition of zirconium dioxide. It is found that an increase in the ZrO₂ content from 5 to 20 wt. % leads to a transition from dense acicular crystals to hollow branched fiber with internal channels.

   Practical implication: The obtained results can be used to create energy-efficient refractory and thermal insulating ceramic materials.

   The paper presents a solution to the vibration protection problem for building elements subjected polyharmonic dynamic vibrations.

   Purpose: The objective of this work is to develop a calculation method of the system parameters of multi-mass dynamic vibration dampers, which is refined compared to the previously developed method.

   Methodology/approach: The approach is based on the improved formulation of the problem and computational model. The vibration suppression is a task of regulating the stress-strain parameters of a linearly deformable system protected by a set of single tuned mass dampers.

   Research findings: The parameters of dampers are determined by specified requirements for displacement vibrations at reference points of the structure. The previously proposed decomposition method is refined to improve the accuracy. Its effectiveness method and capabilities of computations are  demonstrated by the model and test problems. It is shown that analytically derived parameters fully satisfy the specified conditions for the vibration control. 

   The complex environmental situation in industrial regions requires the development of applied methods to assess the impact of industrial emissions on the environment.

   Purpose: Development of numerical simulation methods of pollutant distribution in urban environment.

   Methodology: Steady-state numerical simulation is performed in Ansys Fluent using the Species Transport model, which simulates mixing and transport of chemical substances by solving equations of concentration transport under the gradient diffusion hypothesis. The model is validated against classic 2D and 3D cases of substances mixing in a pipe.

   Research findings: Numerical simulation methods for the pollutant distribution in urban environment is developed and applied to nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and sulphur dioxide (SO₂) emissions from chimneys of a cement plant in five wind directions. Practical capabilities of the developed methods are demonstrated, including clear visualization of the nature of the pollutant distribution from the point of emission, the concentration level of each substance in a selected area, and areas with exceeded maximum permissible concentrations. In this study, the distribution of substances resembles bands, which widen with increasing distance from emission sources. For the given mass fractions and emission volumes, maximum permissible concentrations for NO₂ and SO₂ exceed 7.9 and 8.9 times, respectively.

   Conclusions: The developed numerical simulation method of the pollutant distribution used in Ansys Fluent, are effective and informative for analysing the environmental situation in urban environment. However, for greater reliability, accurate, officially verified data on the qualitative and quantitative composition of emissions from industrial facilities is required, as well as the consideration of a greater number of factors influencing the concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere.

   Resolving the problem of snow control in urban areas is crucial for ensuring the comfort, safety, and functioning of the urban environment in winter. Key aspects of this problem include creating safe travel conditions, maintaining the operability of road and transport infrastructure, minimizing the environmental impacts of snow control, optimizing expended resources.

   Purpose: The objective of the work is to analyze and summarize existing materials to develop recommendations, the implementation of which will ensure a balance between the safety of people, urban infrastructure, and environmental protection in winter.

   Methodology/approach: To assess best practices and trends in effective snow control, scientific publications on means and methods of using devices and materials, the relevance of the legislative framework, and environmental impacts of their impact are reviewed. General (philosophical), general scientific, specific scientific, and specialized research methods are applied.

   Research findings: An analysis of the Russian and international experience in the snow control in urban environment is conducted, which meets the principles of the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. The main research areas for improving winter road and street maintenance as well as environmental consequences of storing contaminated snow and ice waste, are identified. The need is demonstrated for a systems approach to the joint activities of organizations responsible for ensuring environmental safety during ice and snow drift control in urban areas. Recommendations are given to the development of measures to manage an environmentally safe winter road and street maintenance system with economically feasible and environmentally sound disposal of ice and snow drift.

   Value: A comprehensive approach to minimizing the negative impact of ice and snow drift control is proposed, and current theoretical and practical directions for its implementation are characterized.