Coastal Arctic regions have gained increasing strategic importance due to climatic changes, transformation of global logistics, and the growing role of the Northern Sea Route. The formation of Arctic settlement systems is restricted by natural conditions, transport accessibility, and economic specialization, which makes it necessary to identify their spatial development in a comparative context.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify general and specific patterns of the spatial development of settlement systems in coastal Arctic regions, namely in the Murmansk region, Northern Norway, and Alaska.
Methodology: The historical-geographical and comparative geographical analyses, statistical processing of demographic and spatial data, and cartographic modeling. The empirical basis includes statistical and cartographic documents from Russia, Norway, and the United States.
Research findings: It is shown that, despite similar natural and climatic conditions, the regions demonstrate different settlement models: a stable linear model in Northern Norway, a fragmented nodal model in Alaska, and a mixed coastal-continental model in the Murmansk region. The transport infrastructure plays the key role in the spatial framework and settlement stable development.
Research implications: Research findings can be used in spatial planning of Arctic regions. Value: The development patterns are identified for coastal Arctic settlements, including the coastal orientation, selective territorial development, a nodal-linear spatial structure, and strong dependence on a limited number of transport corridors.

The article examines the role of historical architecture of Siberian theaters in the modern urban environment. Despite their cultural and historical significance, the integration of theater buildings into the urban environment remains insufficiently studied in the Russian architectural and urban planning science.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to identify the spatial and visual interaction of historical theaters with surrounding buildings in constantly changing urban environment. Theaters from four Siberian cities are analyzed: Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Krasnoyarsk, and Irkutsk.
Methodology: The methodological basis of the work is Magdalena Kozen-Kwoznyak's typology, based on three types of interaction between the theater and the city (teatr emisji, teatr recepcji, teatr interferencji), as well as Buo-Yuan Xu's concept of the urban continuity and discontinuity. In addition, analyzed are the architectural and stylistic environment, the structure of street connections, transport accessibility, and recreational infrastructure. The comparative analysis shows that theatres demonstrate different models of integration: from active generation of public space (NOVAT) to pronounced isolation caused by both historical dense development (Krasnoyarsk, Tyumen) and modern urban barriers.
Research findings: It is shown that even with classic architectural forms and a central location, a theater can lose its function as a compositional dominant due to a lack of connectivity with its surroundings.
Value: The emphasis is made for the need to develop comprehensive urban planning strategies aimed at preserving cultural heritage and strengthening the role of theaters as living elements of the urban environment.

The relevance of this study stems from the increasing prevalence of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the military and commercial sectors, which increases the risk of collisions with buildings and the infrastructure. This creates a need to improve architectural solutions in terms of safety and the integration of UAVs into the urban environment.
Purpose: The analysis of the potential use of double and transformable facades as an architectural means of protecting the building interior from the UAV impact. The analysis and systematization of architectural methods of using protective facades based on practical experience.
Methodology/approach: Generalization of the theoretical basis of modern scientific works and practical experience, the synthesis of new architectural techniques, the formulation and modeling of fundamental ways to improve the appearance of protective facades.
Research findings: Opportunities are identified for improving the appearance of protective facades while maintaining their primary function. Methods and tools are developed to improve the facade appearance and addition of functionality while maintaining its protective properties.

This study is determined by agglomeration processes and ways of a stable territory development in the city of Novosibirsk, the largest Siberian center with a high population density and favorable socio-economic conditions.
Purpose: The study of the Novosibirsk agglomeration (the core and satellites) in chronological boundaries (1950–2025) according to the urbanization level in terms of the economy and ecology. Methodology: Historical-genetic, positional-spatial, functional, cartographic and mathematical statistical analyses.
Research findings: Negative trends are shown for the agglomeration development, including the migration outflow, shortage of personnel, uneven development. In the economic sphere, there is a development of innovative and knowledge-intensive production, with a large proportion of shipped products concentrated in the agglomeration center. The environmental analysis shows a reduction in the regional biodiversity, green spaces, the urban heat island effect, and a pollution of vital natural re-sources.
Value: Based on the results, directions are suggested for further stable development of the terri-tory: the transition to a polycentric model, strengthening of the environment, development of the economy and social infrastructure with respect to regional conditions.

The article analyzes the planning structure of rural settlements in the Tobolsk province.
Purpose: The purpose of the work is to determine the location of historical buildings in rural areas of the Tobolsk province, their type and building morphology.
Methodology: Field surveys, analysis of historical normative documentation (Building code) and compilation of historical reference points based on topographic surveys.
Research findings: The identification of settlement types is based on the urban layout (riverine, lakeside and near-road) and four main systems (linear, fan-shaped, quarter and radial) of the building morphology. It is found that the morphology is often determined by the landscape. The influence of the Building code (1857, 1881, 1900) on the the built environment is confirmed. Regulations govern the layout, distances between houses, their height, street width, and the presence of commercial spaces, primarily for the purpose of fire safety.
Originality: For the first time, the analysis is given to the planning structure of villages of the Tobolsk province in terms of the location and morphology of building specific settlements.

The Arctic is a region requiring a special approach to design and construction. The Arctic development associated with the mineral extraction, scientific research, and tourism development, naturally leads to the need to create comfortable and safe living and working conditions. This necessitates the development and construction of temporary industrial and residential modules in the Arctic. However, a lack of basic building codes and regulations for design of such modules creates significant challenges for designers.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to propose the main sections of building codes and regulations for the architectural design of industrial and residential modules in the Arctic, ensuring comfortable and safe living conditions, efficient production activity, and minimizing negative environmental impacts.
Methodology: The synthesis and analysis of scientific and regulatory documents, descriptive, structural-functional, and systemic methods, sociocultural reflection.
Research findings: This study identifies key sections of building codes and regulations for the integrated architectural design of temporary industrial and residential modules in harsh conditions of the Arctic.

The Pyramid of Tirana is of great historical importance not only for the city but also for Albania. However, works concerning this architectural object are very few, so the topic needs to be studied.
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to show the role of the Pyramid of Tirana as a mediator.
Research findings: The paper presents historical studies of the Pyramid of Tirana and its role for the city and its residents. The paper compares the architecture before and after the reconstruction and changes in its functional content. Architectural techniques are identified to express the building function as a mediator.
Research implication: The identified techniques can be used in the reconstruction of other significant historical monuments.

The paper draws attention to the problem of preserving wooden architecture. The paper examines one of the rare surviving examples of a traditional residential building in the village of Kunara in the Sverdlovsk region.
Purpose: The purpose of the study is to establish the conformity of the residential building with the main parameters of the most massive housing in towns and villages of the Gorny Urals, namely Demidov factories, since the building belongs to the territory historically associated with the Nevyansky Demidov factory in the early 18th century.
Research findings: The paper describes the preserved wooden four-wall house under a malebed roof with a log porch contains all the signs of an apartment building common to towns and factory towns of the Urals of the 18th century. Given the wide temporal prevalence of this building, it can be tentatively dated by the first half of the 18th and mid-19th centuries. Due to a significant proportion of the loss of analogues, the building in Kunar acquires the features of a unique historical and cultural monument, which must be preserved.

This study presents a systematic understanding of architectural minimalism, a design methodology that initially coalesced in the late 1980s and attained its most definitive articulation in the 1990s, whose theoretical underpinnings remain, to this day, fragmentary and polemical.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to identify the key concepts of the architectural minimalism design approach.
Methodology/approach: This study is based on the analysis of works of theorists and practitioners of minimalism from this period who took a fundamental approach to the theory of minimalism: Vittorio Gregotti, Franco Bertoni, John Pawson, and Peter Zumthor.
Research findings: Four interrelated concepts are identified that constitute the design method: 1) the critical-methodological (minimalism as critical reduction and contextual dialogue); 2) historical- genealogical (formal origins and connection to Minimal Art); 3) phenomenological (reduction as a means to generate an intensified sensory experience); 4) sociocultural (minimalism as a site of convergence for artistic, commercial, and critical forces).
Value: Architectural minimalism is revealed through the dialectical tension between these concepts. This sustains its relevance as a contemporary design paradigm, capable of providing integrated responses to questions of architectural critique, genesis, perception, and cultural agency.

The study is devoted to the traditional architecture of North Ossetia, which is considered not as set of monuments but as a dynamic system forming in unique historical and natural conditions. Particular urgency is given to preserving the semantic value of heritage amidst the aggressive growth of the tourist flow, which creates a risk of losing the regional identity.
Purpose: The aim of this work is a comprehensive analysis of the system of formative factors of the mountain architecture and identification of key contradictions between the authenticity preservation and needs of modern tourism.
Methodology/approach: An interdisciplinary approach includes historical, ethnographical and urban planning data. The integral analysis is used to synthesize structural-environmental, sociopragmatic, and mental-archetypal aspects to construct the model of the architectural genesis.
Research findings: Classification in three groups is proposed for formative factors: naturalclimatic (solar architecture, autochthonous materials), socio-defensive (influence of the clan system and military threat on tower typology), and sacral-worldview (symbolism of the dwelling and landscape). A modern socio-cultural conflict is shown between the sacral perception of the environment by the local community and the consumer behavior of tourists.
Value: It is shown that restoration is insufficient for the successful revitalization of heritage. A strategy of "protocol architecture" is proposed, i.e., a scenary space modeling, which regulates tourist flows through planning solutions and harmonizes their interaction with the sacral context of the territory.

The problem of building safety in at terrorist attacks, including unmanned aerial vehicles, is currently becoming urgent.
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to explore the role of architecture in creating a safe residential environment, systematize the potential threats associated with UAV attacks on residential buildings and people inside them, formulate basic principles for ensuring safety, and describe planning and facade solutions that help to create secure multi-unit residential buildings.
Methodology: Research methodology includes studying risks and threats of the UAV attack on buildings and people in them, a comparative analysis of Russian and foreign regulating documents on anti-terrorist protection, analysis of methods and techniques for protecting buildings by means of architecture and environmental design, and systematization of these means based on structural and typological methods.
Research findings: The proposed comparative tables and analyses include a description of models for building a spatial planning structure and a list of tools in the architect's arsenal used to protect buildings. It is shown how important it is to take into account safety requirements at all stages of the building life cycle, from design to operation and possible reconstruction, taking into account increased protection requirements.

The study focuses on the analysis of urban planning concept proposed by the Giprogor Institute for Kiselevsk, which was developed between 1945 and 1947. This concept emerged due to the Soviet government efforts to streamline the urban planning in the Kuzbass region.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to reconstruct and assess Giprogor’s comprehensive approach towards transforming a chaotic collection of mining towns into a well-organized industrial center.
Methodology: The work utilizes archival document, including those from the Russian State Archive in Samara and presents the historical analysis combined with a systematic approach to consider the urban planning as an integral part of industrial policy, societal needs, and environmental considerations.
Research findings: The paper presents a detailed examination of the content and innovation of the post-war masterplan. For the first time, it demonstrates a shift from the coal-fired development paradigm to a more stable model based on polycentricity and sanitary zoning.
Value: It is suggested that Giprogor laid the groundwork for transforming Kiselevsk into a diverse economic city with well-maintained surroundings.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to study the architecture of public buildings and complexes in Novosibirsk, influenced by political, economic, and cultural conditions of the mid- 1950s and late 1980s.
Methodology/approach: The historical and systematic approach, comparative and field analysis, using scientific, literary sources and archival data, professional periodicals. For the better understanding of sociocultural conditions, the article analyzes the development of foreign architecture, as well as urban planning and natural and landscape conditions. This period plays a significant role in the city development. Despite the extensive construction and widespread use of standardized solutions, there are still unique public buildings and complexes that contribute to the rich tapestry of Novosibirsk architecture.
Research findings: The identification of the architecture of this period with global trends, its uniqueness and originality, which allow for a broader understanding of the urban development and construction of new facilities, taking into account the urban planning culture.

Currently, the needs of the church are growing, creating a need for new functions, which leads to the construction of structures that clash with the surroundings within historic Orthodox church complexes. Significant changes are being made to the spatial layout of these complexes, distorting the emotional perception of both the church and surrounding buildings. It is necessary to preserve not only individual elements of a church ensemble, but also to use a comprehensive approach to zoning and urban landscaping, restoration of historic buildings, and rational selection of functions. This is essential for maintaining the integral perception of the religious structure, preserving the historical authenticity of the church complex, and ensuring the harmonious relationship with its surrounding development.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to preserve the spatial layout of the site of the Troitskaya Church in Tomsk, a monument of regional significance, while incorporating new functions necessary for its operation.
The design is based on the principles of the sacred concept of the Heavenly City of Jerusalem, contemporary regulatory documents on Orthodox church construction, and an analysis of early Orthodox monastic complexes.
Research findings: Research results and design solutions of the urban landscaping the Trinity Church in Tomsk as well as its restoration and adaptation of the Sunday school building, shows that a comprehensive approach is necessary to preserve the integrity and cultural value of the Orthodox church complex. Practical implications: The developed proposals can be used in pre-design research and the territory design of the Trinity Church complex and other Orthodox church ensembles, as well as in the educational process concerning the reconstruction and restoration of the architectural heritage.
Value: Research findings can be used in solving the problem when working with similar objects.

This work evaluates the steel frame stability of the sand sleeve filter of the processing plant of the consequence class KS-3.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to consider all possible scenarios of the removal of steel frame columns leading to a possible progressive collapse using the stress-strain state simulation in a three-dimensional model of the base–foundation–building system.
Methodology: The stress-strain state of the steel frame is simulated in Ing+ 2021 MicroFe software package using the kinematic method of the limit equilibrium theory for building protection from progressive collapse.
Research findings: It is found that at the specific load combination and the removal of any one column of the steel frame, an emergency situation does not occur and progressive building collapse does not occur also. According to calculations, at the load level exceeded by 39% at the removed corner column and by 34% at the removed serial column, the steel frame transmits to a kinematically variable mechanism, while its load-bearing capacity is exhausted.

Undesired lower soil-bearing capacity of a bored pile against a driven pile is widely known. The bearing capacity of the latter can be an order of magnitude higher than that of the bored pile. This difference is explained by the fact that during the immersion of the driven pile, a compacted zone is formed in the surrounding space, which leads to a conditional increase in the pile support area. Thus, the development of bored pile technologies with the formation of a compacted zone in the surrounding soil, is an urgent task.
Purpose: The purpose of this work is to describe a pneumatic pulse technique for constructing bored piles, which allows forming a blast-enlarged base in the pile and compacted soil zone in its surrounding space.
Research findings: Based on a comprehensive analysis of existing methods of constructing bored piles with blast-enlarged bases, a new highly efficient method is proposed for constructing bored piles in different soil conditions.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study the effect from the chemical additive and ultrasonic treatment of mixing water on strength and other performance characteristics of hydrated cement. Cements CEM I 52.5N and CEM II/A 42.5B are used and factory-made individual clinker minerals (C3S, C2S, C3A, C4AF) manufactured in the Russian Federation.
Methodology/approach: Compression strength testing is conducted on cubic samples with a size of (10×10×10)10–3 m. The particle size distribution is analyzed by a Horiba LA 950 laser analyzer. XRD patterns of curing products and starting materials are obtained by a Shimadzu XRD-7000 X-ray Diffractometer. Ultrasonic treatment of mixing water is conducted on a 0.15/22 OS UZTA system. The chemical additive is nanodispersed silicon oxide and microdispersed calcium carbonate taken in the ratio of 1:2, which is added to the cement paste in the amount of 10 wt. %.
Research findings: It is confirmed that the cement hydraulic activity grows with its increasing grade. It is found that ultrasonic treatment of mixing water activates water with respect to cement. The most significant effect is achieved with the joint modification of cement and water: the strength of hydrated cement increases by 15–30 %.
Value: The obtained data open up prospects for optimizing the cement composition and improving operational properties of building materials.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to study the effect of phosphate-containing fire retardant Polyisomat A on the structure and chemical properties of peat-vermiculite heat insulating material and its flammability.
Research findings: Experiments show changes in the morphology, chemical composition, and thermal properties of the samples. It is found that the composition modified with ammonium salts improves the fire resistance and reduces the thermal decomposition rate without a significant degradation of thermal insulation properties. The best concentration of the fire retardant is determined to ensure a balance between the strength and fire safety performance.
Practical implications: The obtained data help to evaluate the effectiveness of the fire retardant in enhancing the fire resistance and performance of peat-vermiculite heat insulating material.

The spectral analysis of free vibrations of bridge spans is an important tool to evaluate their dynamic characteristics and technical condition. The analysis oscilloscope patterns recorded during the impact, allows identifying the main frequency components and energy characteristics of the vibration process.
Purpose: The aim is to analyze the transformation of input signals recorded by measuring devices and structural responses in the form of free vibrations and investigate statistical characteristics of their spectral parameters.
Methodology: The spectral analysis was performed for oscilloscope patterns of free vibrations of metal bridge spans obtained under laboratory and field conditions. Segmental spectral analysis and a probabilistic approach allow to estimate the spectral power distribution and identify the dynamic behavior of beams.
Research findings: It is found that the energy spectrum of vibrations contains several narrow frequency bands, among which there are the main energy-carrying regions. The range of natural frequencies and their damping parameters are determined. Practical implications: Research results can be used in diagnosis and monitoring of the dynamic state of bridges based on the analysis of their vibration characteristics.

This work focuses on the analysis of the behavior of prestressed reinforced concrete tunnel lining elements as a function of the geometric configuration of segments. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the segment shape on the structural stability, stress redistribution, and deformation characteristics of structural elements.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify the most effective options. Design solutions are analyzed to improve the reliability and constructability of the tunnel lining with the use of boring machines.
Methodology: Numerical simulation methods are used to assess the stress-strain state of the lining for various segment arrangements. Structural and technological aspects are studied for implementing new geometric configurations.
Research findings: The obtained results can be used to improve the design and construction processes of precast tunnel lining and the performance characteristics of tunnel structures under various geotechnical conditions.