The risk of loss of wooden buildings created late in the 19th and early 20th centuries, determines the topic of this work, as these are buildings of the unique architecture built in the historical districts of Tomsk such as Zaozerye, Peski, Voskresenskaya Gora, Kirpichi, Boloto, Urzhatka, Yurtochnaya Gora, Zaistochye, Elan.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to introduce the obtained data into the scientific circulation using a survey of historical districts in Tomsk, identify wooden buildings out of operation and collect information about their ownership, preservation, and technical condition. The paper emphasizes the importance of defining a scientifically based function for preservation of unexploited wooden buildings that allows attracting investors.

Methodology: The comprehensive approach, including work from archival and bibliographic documents and the Internet, the field survey, analysis and systematization of the obtained results, allowing to scientifically substantiate the actual situation with the preservation degree of wooden architecture in Tomsk. All this allows government and monument protection agencies to take timely measures to prevent historical wooden buildings from loss.

Value: This work presents up-to-date data on unexploited buildings, proposes their classification and quantity, demonstrating the real situation with the loss of valuable architectural heritage that forms the architectural and artistic identity of Tomsk as a historical settlement of the federal significance.

The research relevance is due to the risk of losing the architectural identity of Arkhangelsk as a result of transformations of the historical center in the 20th century.

Purpose: The purpose is to develop a systematic approach to the design of new buildings, taking into account the historical context and architectural identity of Arkhangelsk based on the modern construction concept of the former Timber Mill No. 3 work settlement.

Methodology: The architectural and urban planning analysis of historical and modern buildings in Arkhangelsk. 

Research findings: The historical wooden architecture is considered as the most characteristic and unique for the city. The approbation of modern architectural solutions for residential development, taking into account architectural identity, is carried out as a result of the project development of the territory of the Timber Factory No. 3, locating in the southeastern part of the city on the banks of the Northern Dvina River and having preserved an integral environment with wooden architecture of the Soviet period.

Value: The settlement development allowed formulating principles of modern construction of the former work settlement of the Timber Mill No. 3, while preserving the architectural identity of Arkhangelsk: module preservation, modern interpretation, comfortable climatic conditions.

The article examines the role of visual identity and the role of residents as consumers and producers in the creation of the urban brand. Modern urbanization leads to the unification of the urban environment, it loses its authenticity, residents lose contact with their homeland. The traditional approach to branding territories focuses on tourists and ignores the role of residents. Local people are the key bearers and creators of identity. This reduces the population link to the territory, increases the outflow of people from small towns and hinders a stable development of regions.

Purpose: The study aims at analyzing the role of residents in the formation of urban brands. The need for their involvement is substantiated by the processes of creating the visual identity of the territory to strengthen the connection with the place and improve the quality of the urban environment.

Methodology: The analysis of the Russian and foreign experience in branding, including online surveys, focus groups, public discussions. Branding implementation and the impact of visual patterns on the perception of the city by residents are studied. 

Research findings: It is shown that projects that consider the opinion of residents increase satisfaction with the urban environment, strengthen regional identity and contribute to economic growth. The examples of Barcelona, Stockholm and Russian cities demonstrate that the population involvement at early stages of brand development reduces the risk of its rejection. On the contrary, top-down implementation, without considering local characteristics, leads to the unification of the environment and a negative assessment by the population. 

Research implications: A successful urban branding requires the integration of cultural heritage, residents' voices, and visual identity. This approach helps to preserve authenticity, improve the quality of life and reduce migration outflow.

Value: Key recommendations include the use of sociological methods (surveys, focus groups), dialogue between the authorities, designers and the community, brand translation through the elements of the urban environment (architecture, landscaping).

Although greening of urban landscapes is an extremely important for the environment formation, less attention is given to it. To improve the urban landscape quality and representation, it is necessary to consider the criteria and characteristics of different plant species when planting them together. This work highlights the consistency of woody-shrubby and herbaceous plants based on such parameters as the root system, illumination, composition, soil humidity and function, winter- and drought resistance, flowering period.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is mapping of West Siberian woody-shrubby and herbaceous plant consistency in order to improve the landscapes quality and representation.

Methodology: Landscape, cartographic and theoretical analysis, synthesis, comparison, modeling.

Research findings: Mapping of West Siberian woody-shrubby and herbaceous plants includes 36 samples and 630 combinations. The compositions are mapped and recommended for joint planting of urban landscapes.

This research is determined by growing interest in the cultural and architectural heritage of the Turkic peoples, whose traditional housing results from centuries of adaptation to diverse natural and climatic conditions.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to analyze the evolution of the architectural forms of the Turkic peoples, reflecting the synthesis of nomadic and sedentary traditions.

Methodology/approach: A comparative analysis of spatial planning and visual-spatial solutions, geographical and climatic analysis, and analysis of cultural traditions reflected in ornamentation, zoning, and building materials. Spatial planning and visualization of traditional and modern housing of Turkic peoples depend on natural and climatic conditions and cultural traditions. The analysis is given to the main types of traditional houses, such as yurts, log and adobe houses, are analyzed, and their structure, function, and decoration reflect social values and adaptation to the landscape.

Research findings: Spatial planning solutions closely relate to the climate: mobile yurts prevail in steppes, log and stone houses in the mountains, and log and adobe dwellings in the forest steppe. Modern houses in Turkic regions preserve elements of traditional architecture such as zoning, ornamentation, eastward orientation, and the use of natural materials. 

Research implications: The identified principles can be used to design modern residential houses with ethnocultural identity.

Value: It is shown that the architectural continuity of the Turkic peoples is manifested in the preservation of sacred geometry, ornamentation, principles of internal zoning, and climatic adaptation.

Design of modern educational spaces is of great importance in our country today. Based on the foreign experience, unique schools with atriums, modern laboratories, universal classrooms, workshops have been built in the last decade. Such an architectural and planning environment meets the needs of a new generation of children and modern pedagogical challenges. However, school buildings, including standard projects, provide an up-to-date indoor environment based on their capabilities. Against this background, children with disabilities, including those with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), demonstrate learning difficulties at educational institutions. This is due to the fact that the architectural environment of any educational space, private or municipal, located in a building built according to an individual or standard project, does not meet the current pedagogical correctional requirements, especially the nature of the surrounding space perception by children with mental disabilities. The formation of an inclusive spatial planning space that will be effective and high-quality for all categories of schoolers remains an urgent task, but it has not been sufficiently studied and highlighted in the literature. This paper mainly focuses on correctional or medical treatment facilities. Modern architects are faced with the task of organizing an inclusive secondary school that requires further investigation.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify a new range of rooms allowing for inclusive education for children with ASD in a school building that meets the requirements of correctional educators and speech pathologists.

Methodology: Theoretical and empirical methods, including the analysis of scientific literature, the study of regulatory documents, oral survey of educational specialists.

Research implications: Definition of nomenclature of rooms for general education school buildings with inclusive learning will create a space in which schoolers with ASD can study and socialize with minimum difficulties, and their neurotypical peers receive high-quality education in a humane community.

The relevance of the study is determined by the growing need for high-quality social housing for vulnerable categories of the population in terms of urbanization. The Spanish experience in designing municipal houses, is of particular interest due to its integrated approach that combines accessibility, comfort and integration into the urban environment.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to identify the key principles of social housing for municipal rent in Spain based on the analysis of completed projects.

Methodology: The analysis of four residential complexes in Barcelona, Madrid and Vitoria; comparative analysis of architectural planning solutions, type classification of the spatial organization; assessment of the integration of social infrastructure and principles of formation in the living environment.

Research findings: It is shown that social housing in Spain is characterized by a variety of planning structures with a predominance of sectional organization; mandatory inclusion of service, trade or work facilities; location in central areas with the developed infrastructure; adaptive planning solutions for different categories of residents; high standards of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness. It is shown that the Spanish experience in design of social houses is characterized by the energy efficiency, flexibility of planning solutions and creation of a fullfledged living environment that is not inferior in quality to commercial housing. 

Value: Of particular value is the principle of housing affordability, based not on the income level, but on the life situation of potential residents. The results obtained can be used to develop social housing concepts in other countries, including the adaptation to local conditions and social requirements.

In the 21st century, historical buildings are gradually surrounded by modern high-rise buildings, residential areas and shopping centers, raising questions about preservation of the historical architecture. Over the past half century of architectural renovations in many cities around the world, there has been a shift towards preserving the historical and cultural heritage. Certain techniques are developed to design new buildings adjacent to historical streets and squares.

Methodology: The analysis of the international experience in architectural design and restoration of old buildings, new approaches to preservation and adaptation of the cultural heritage to the modern city and the formation of design principles of modern buildings in the historical environment of an old city.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to examine the experience in design and construction of modern residential and public buildings within the historical part of the city in architectural space.

Value: This research helps to gain new knowledge and design methodologies for creating modern buildings that can coexist harmoniously with historical ensembles of previous centuries.

The relevance of this work is determined by inadequacy of engineering methods for calculating sound insulation, which do not consider energy losses, dimensions of constructions, influence of adjacent elements, and structural sound transmission, which is particularly relevant in using lightweight and multi-layer enclosures. The lack of tools for direct calculation of sound and vibration levels makes it difficult to assess the compliance of projects with sanitary standards.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to develop bases for mathematical simulation of the sound propagation in buildings in order to create engineering methods and software for calculating the sound insulation of enclosing structures, sound pressure levels in rooms, and vibration parameters with regard to direct, indirect, and structural energy transmission.

Methodology: Energy methods (sound energy balance) and wave theory (sound energy transmission). Analytical models are used to calculate the sound insulation of single- and multi-layer structures, models of sound propagation in complex building fragments in accordance to GOST R EN 12354-1–2012 and the statistical energy analysis.

Research findings: Mathematical models and algorithms are developed for a three-level calculation system: inherent sound insulation capacity of structures, sound insulation with indirect and structural transmission, sound and vibration levels in rooms based on statistical energy analysis. The proposed models form the basis for the creation of parametric software to design sound insulation in buildings, taking into account structural sound transmission. 

This article addresses the lack of proven non-destructive testing of the concrete quality in structures with an outer steel shell, such as concrete-filled steel tubes and structures with external steel plating or permanent formwork. Such methods as visual monitoring with cameras, have significant drawbacks, including subjectivity, technological limitations, and inability to inspect completed structures.

Purpose: The aim of this work is the development and validation of non-destructive testing of concrete structure with outer steel shell using heat transfer principles.

Methodology/approach: The proposed innovative methodology is based on thermal imaging of the outer steel surface. Its physical principle involves a thermal imager to detect temperature anomalies caused by the different thermal conductivity of solid concrete and defects (voids, inclusions). The method is applied in two modes. The passive mode utilizes exothermic heat releasing during the concrete curing, and the active mode involves the artificial heating or forced cooling of the structure to enhance thermal contrast.

Research findings: The proposed methodology was successfully tested on two types of real structures: a high-rise concrete-filled steel tube column and a wall segment with the outer steel shell plating. Experiments involving artificially created defects demonstrate the reliable flaw detection directly against the steel sheet and at a 10 cm depth. The effectiveness of this method is confirmed both during the peak exothermic reaction and after 60 days of concreting.

Research implication: This methodology can be used in industries as a reliable tool for monitoring the concrete integrity in complex composite structures.

The relevance of the study is associated with the need to systematize the data on accidents, leaks and secondary pollution of drinking water in water pipes.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to assess deterioration of drinking water supply systems in Russian regions and in Tomsk, identify the possible impact of the material of water pipes on the water quality and public health during long-term operation, and justify a set of organizational and economic measures to improve the water supply.

Methodology: Descriptive and analytical methods, data generalization from the literature, interdisciplinary synthesis, logical generalization, data visualization.

Research findings: The current state of the central and distribution water supply systems in Russian cities is evaluated. The possibility of using Russian and foreign traditional experience and innovations is evaluated to increase the reliability, durability, eco-friendliness of water pipes by selecting the best pipe materials. Measures are proposed to eliminate the main causes of leaks, accidents in water supply systems and the quality improvement of drinking water at the stage of delivery to the consumer.

Value: The Russian and foreign experience in water pipes made of metal and plastic is highlighted. Secondary pollution of supplied water is evaluated, depending on the initial composition and properties and process parameters of pipelines. Measures are proposed to improve the efficiency of dilapidated water pipes.

The development of hydrogen metallurgy and production of special steels place increased demands on thermomechanical and chemical properties of refractories. This work addresses a pressing scientific and technical challenge relating to the development of promising mullite-containing materials for high-temperature applications under extreme energy conditions.

Purpose: Arc synthesis plasma of mullite-containing materials.

Methodology/approach: The best parameters of mullite synthesis in arc discharge plasma at 80–90 A current and 15–25 s exposure, are detected empirically, ensuring the formation of monolithic spherical products with the lowest number of defects. X-ray diffraction and computed tomography are used to identify the isomorphic substitution mechanism, leading to the formation of non-stoichiometric corundum-based solid solutions. A comparative analysis of sintering ceramics based on natural raw materials and pure oxide shows fundamental differences in the compaction mechanism. It is shown that ceramics made of pure oxides compacts through the volume diffusion, forming the equiaxed structure (grain size: 3.2 ± 0.5 μm), while natural materials sinter through a liquid-phase mechanism, forming acicular mullite crystals. The sintering temperature is 1400 to 1500 °C for pure oxide ceramics. The main density increase is achieved in this temperature range, while natural materials require temperatures of 1500 to 1550 °C for an intensive compaction.

Research findings: Arc synthesis plasma of mullite-containing materials shows that extreme plasma conditions (5000–7000 °C) induce complex physicochemical processes, while the best current ranges between 80 and 90 A. It ensures the formation of monolithic spherical products with the lowest number of defects. Parameters are determined for the energy impact on the structure, phase composition and properties of the final product. 

Practical implication: The obtained results have practical significance for the creation of energy-efficient ceramic materials with specified structural and functional properties.

The cement use in the production of wood-gypsum composites to modify their structure leads to an increase in its strength properties. It is therefore necessary to study the  structure modification of wood-gypsum composites by the addition of cement in terms of the scientific justification of improving strength properties. The composite structure with and without the cement addition is studied using mercury injection.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to determine the pore size and their quantitative distribution in the material structure using mercury injection in wood-gypsum composite samples with and without the cement addition.

Methodology: Mercury injection is based on measuring the pressure of non-wetting mercury liquid in the porous structure.

Research findings: The obtained results evaluate the wood-gypsum composite structure modified by the cement addition.

Modified chrysotile fiber can be used as a filler in the epoxy-polyester powder composition to improve its physicochemical properties and obtain a thermosettable polymer coating with improved properties.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study the chemical composition of the initial and fiber-modified chrysotile powder composition and evaluate physicochemical properties of polymer coatings.

Research findings: It is shown that the chemical composition of the initial powder composition changes after the addition of modified chrysotile fiber. The salt and acid resistance of the obtained polymer coatings increases. The porosity of coatings filled with fibers decreases in comparison with unfilled ones. The heat resistance of the obtained polymer coating with the addition of modified fibrous fillers grows at heating at 190 and 550 °C.

Relevance. Various attempts to explain crystallization of viscous silicate melts under varying steady-state conditions are driven by the growing need for new materials that enable the technological progress. It is currently accepted that the entire diversity of solid materials is encompassed by several phase compositions with the crystal structure obeying Fedorov space groups. The unit cell has parameters, translating which one can construct a fairly realistic picture of the crystal description, determined by the Gibbs phase. Experimental mineralogy data often diverge from traditional concepts, especially when describing the anomalous kinetics of diffusion and crystallization in glasses and glass-ceramics.

Purpose: The development of a method for describing crystals with respect to forces of at least equal magnitude, which relat to internal properties and oscillatory modes. The holographic model of matter is proposed, in which these interactions can form their own coherent structures with their own types of resonant lattices.

Methodology: The generalized approach is used to assess multi-scale processes and phenomena based on the experimental data and their analysis, taking into account well-known concepts of electrodynamics and wave mechanics. 

Research findings: The factors of structural order are determined by spatio-temporal coherence; a resonance model of dynamic structures that adequately describes the kinetics of lowenergy phase transitions is substantiated; materials are classified according to the nature of bonds and types of coherence.

Value: For the first time, a model of spatially closed dynamic structures of real matter is developed to describe objects and interactions at the micro-, meso- and macro-levels as a set of auto-interference of a closed wave process. The interaction between areas of constructive interference is observed at frequencies of the main wave process, generating a spatial lattice of the next hierarchical level.

Steel-reinforced concrete bridges with load-bearing tubular beams are effective for small and medium spans. The increased load-bearing capacity due to the elastoplastic operation of the tubular beam section reflects the relevance of their application in the bridge construction.

Purpose: The aim is to improve the section analysis using rational shape of the beam section and elastoplastic state.

Research findings: The improved section analysis of steel concrete tubular beams shows changes not only in bending, but also bending-torsional stiffness of sections in superstructures and identifies ways for their optimization.

The article describes of the polymer mesh snow walls against snowdrifts. There are no recommendations for the design of such structures in the literature. Therefore, the study of the snowdrift capacity of polymer mesh snow walls is relevant.

Purpose: Justification of using polymer mesh snow walls to protect roads from snowdrifts.

Methodology/approach: The simulation of snow wall operation during snowdrift is performed in FlowVision using Navier–Stokes equations for computational fluid dynamics. Geometric models are created for single- and double-panel walls. Snow deposition dynamics near the wall protection is studied. The snowdrift capacity is evaluated for protective walls.

Research findings: The snowdrift capacity of proposed design of the double-panel wall is slightly less than that of the single-panel wall. The snow accumulation area locates closer to the wall, but the snowdrift forms at a greater distance near the obstacle. Therefore, the double-panel snow wall can be used for the road protection from snow.

Improvement of asphalt concrete stability, durability, and functionality, is one of the most important challenges in the transport construction. This is due to the need to overcome the rapid pavement deterioration under the influence of increasing traffic load and negative impact of climatic conditions. 

Purpose: The objective of the work is to analyze and summarize research results and develop recommendations regarding the best available, costeffective methods for producing composite asphalt concrete mixtures using polymer fiber reinforcement.

Methodology/approach: To evaluate the polymer fiber reinforcement of asphalt concrete mixtures, much efforts has been done to study the influence of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of materials, fiber size, temperature conditions, and fiber introduction in the mixture. General logical methods (analysis, synthesis, abstraction, generalization, classification and modeling) and general and specific scientific approaches are used in construction materials science.

Research findings: According to the literature, key trends in the development of fiber reinforcement techniques are determined for materials science in the road construction. The first is expanding the range of fiberreinforced materials (organic and inorganic, natural and synthetic). The second is identifying and optimizing methods for fiber introduction in the asphalt concrete mixture during its production from raw materials. The third is studying physicochemical mechanisms underlying the interaction between reinforcing particles and asphalt concrete components and the quality of bitumen, mineral powder, sand, crushed stone and additives.

Value: Implementation of recommendations regarding the most effective methods of fiber reinforcement of asphalt concrete and a regulatory framework for their implementation will improve the road pavement performance. 

The paper provides a rationale for the calculation technique of concrete beams reinforced by prestressed composite materials. Three stages of the stress-strain state of a bending reinforced concrete element are considered. The first stage includes forces affecting the main beams from full design constant loads, the second stage is the action of forces from the preliminary stress of polymer composite materials; the third stage is the ultimate state taking into account the stress-strain state of the two previous structures. Stress-strain curves are obtained for different stages, taking into account the beam reinforcement.

Purpose: Substantiation of the calculation technique for the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete beams reinforced with prestressed polymer composites for the restoration and improvement of their performance characteristics.

Design/methodology/approach: The analysis of numerical models of elements under loads and comparison of the obtained results with the laboratory experimental data. The limit-statebased analysis utilizes nonlinear deformation models of concrete and reinforcement. The calculation technique is verified by the laboratory tests.

Research findings: Theoretical and experimental studies substantiate the proposed calculation technique for reinforced concrete bridge beams reinforced with prestressed composite materials.

Practical implications: The calculation technique show a high accuracy in comparison with laboratory research.

Originality/value: Previously, there is no calculation technique for reinforced concrete beams reinforced with prestressed composite materials.

Ecological monitoring is a new approach to the construction and development of urban areas, focused on urban zone and city planning, combining satisfaction of both social and environmental needs. One of the main goals of ecological monitoring is the creation of ecologically clean natural zones using modern technologies and high-quality materials.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to evaluate the ecological state in the Parabelsky urban zone of the Tomsk region, which is a main oil and gas producing region.

Methodology: A Grand spectrometer with a multichannel emission spectrum analyzer is used in combination with a Rowland polychromator and a Vesuvius-3 high-frequency generator with Atom software.

Research findings: The content of key elements is detected in animals and plants and demonstrate their impact on the environment. It is shown that a set of measures to eliminate negative causes of the environmental pollution can improve the environmental situation in the urban zone.

Value: The data obtained indicate to a localized man-made pollution caused by the oil and gas production complex. Based on the results, recommendations are proposed for the implementation of a set of environmental measures aimed at reducing anthropogenic load and improving the quality of the habitat, which is a prerequisite for the environmental safety in urban development and infrastructure activities in this urban area.