This article is devoted to the Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut, the first iconic building designed by Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-Gris (Le Corbusier) within the bionic traditions of modernism. When creating it, the architect expressed his desire to create a space conducive to silence, prayer, peace and inner joy.
The study analyzes the key architectural and design concepts embedded by Jeanneret-Gris in the situational plan, planning scheme, facade solutions, architectural details and interior of this unique building. Special attention was paid to bionic elements inspired by natural forms and processes, which became a distinctive feature of Le Corbusier's modernist architecture.
The analysis made it possible to identify the relationship between architectural solutions and the philosophical views of Jeanneret-Gris, as well as to assess their influence on the formation of the modernist paradigm in cult architecture. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of Le Corbusier's contribution to the development of modern architecture and his desire to create a harmonious and functionally saturated space.

The article is devoted to the design of children's playgrounds taking into account the needs of children with disabilities, focusing on inclusivity and safety. The paper considers compliance with safety standards and gives examples of specialized game elements for various needs of children with physical and cognitive disabilities. The relevance of the topic is due to the growing awareness of the society about the need for inclusive environments for children with different abilities. Such sites become a space for social interaction and general development.
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study playgrounds for children with disabilities taking into account their inclusivity and safety.
Methodology: The analysis of playgrounds, the study of various projects of playgrounds, both public and specialized for children with disabilities in order to identify design trends.
Research findings: The key factors and aspects required to create playgrounds for children with disabilities are identified.

This paper presents a theoretical review of scientific articles on urban planning under airborne attacks between World War I and World War II. Publications on this topic are few and belong to foreign researchers. Only a small part of works was translated and published in architectural journals of the USSR early in the 20th century.
Purpose: The literature review of urban planning in the face of airborne threats.
Methodology: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications and systematic analysis of the works of architects.
Research findings: Since the 1930s, the problem of effective urban planning in conditions of airborne defense has been posed in the architectural environment. Despite widespread publicity and safe city pilot projects, none was fully realized.

Value: The analysis of Russian and foreign publications shows that airborne threats cease to be a hot topic, despite continuing military conflicts.

Preserving the city structural elements of architectural and urban planning culture, is currently the most important task. It is necessary to achieve a sustainable development, preserve historical heritage and cultivate a careful attitude towards the culture of the Russian Federation. It is important to take into account the morphological integrity of the historically developed urban environment, which is considered through the prism of formal compositional stability. The article presents the analysis of the architectural and urban development to identify the most stable structural elements of Yekaterinburg. Systematic and historical approaches are the methodology of the study, which allows to consistently analyze the extensive material using urban planning and retrospective analysis.
The article proposes periodic formation and development of the structural elements of the historical center from the beginning of the city formation to the present, including six periods: pre-reform, post-reform, pre-war period, war and post-war period, developed socialism and perestroika, postSoviet period. Structural elements of the historical center are reconstructed, reflecting the evolution of the formal and composition aspect of the city in each period of its historical development. Lost and most stable structural elements of the city are identified and can be protected as heritage.

The paper analyzes the urban development and architecture of Yuryevets at the turn of the 18th century, including historical events and cultural influences.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify the key factors of urban space and architectural environment formation in this historical period.
Methodology: The analysis of historical documents and literary sources.
Research findings: It is shown that the internal town structure and its urban development are influenced by various factors such as topography, historical events, reforms of Peter the Great, and the Russian Orthodox Church. At the end of the 18th century, the architectural environment of the town acquired artistic unity, reflecting the unification and modernization its space.
Practical implications: Research findings can be used in further research into the history of architecture and urban planning.
Value: The study emphasizes the importance of the Yuryevets architecture during the formation of the Russian architecture, highlighting its own values and differences from ancient Russian traditions.

The paper considers small architectural forms in the wooden manor buildings of Tomsk late in the 19th and early 20th centuries and their impact on the historical image of the city. The paper also studies preservation of historical cities and loss of historical and architectural wooden heritage.
Purpose: To identify the types of small architectural forms in the wooden houses of Tomsk and determine their role in the city image.
Methodology: Historical photographs, drawings, and field survey of wooden buildings, archival documents and photographs by local historians P. N. Kokhanenko and R. Perushin, allowing to determine lost small architectural forms and systematize them.
Research findings: Determination of small architectural forms in preserving individual history and culture of the historical city.
Practical implications: The obtained results can be used to study wooden buildings of Siberian cities and develop projects for their reconstruction in Tomsk.

The article studies the digital model of the urban area as a mandatory tool for managing urban processes. The study of the regulatory support of the digital model is of great importance in the light of the rapid development of digital technologies in the urban environment. Purpose: To determine the regulatory support significance in creating the digital model of the urban area and its tools. Geographic information platforms of citywide importance are studied as well as their formation in the legislative field of the Russian Federation. It is assumed that the process of creating the digital model of the urban area, is inevitable in view of the development trend of urban planning in the Russian Federation.
Methodology/approach: Based on theoretical analysis and synthesis of various sources of information, the diagram is constructed for information sources on the digital model of the urban area. The regulatory support of the digital model is specified as a basis for the development of geographic information system at all levels of significance. Requirements for regulatory acts of the construction industry for the digital model are formulated. Aspects of the legal field are identified as tools that require reflection in the digital model of the urban area.
Value: This research can underlie the creation of regulations or their transformation to contribute to the sustainable and harmonious development of the urban environment.

This article analyzes the domestic and foreign experience in design of ecological tourist complexes, their architectural organization, three architectural models of ecological tourist complexes, and identifies the main design techniques. The relevance is determined by the growing interest of society in ecology; an increase in the tourist potential of the territories of southern Russia due to changing conditions; the emergence of a new type of tourist architecture, as well as an insufficient amount of design experience.
Purpose: To identify the architecture of ecological tourist complexes and develop design proposals for such complexes in the south of Russia.
Methodology/approach: The analysis of formative factors: urban planning, architectural planning, functional, environmental, affecting the architecture of ecological tourist complexes, their classification by organizational structure, functional content, accessibility, social efficiency and environmental factors. The concept of an ecological tourist complex in Krasnodar is proposed.
Research findings: The organization of ecological tourism in the natural environment, environmental education of the population in the process of recreation are considered. Architectural models of ecological tourist complexes are proposed: adventure, scientific and recreational elements of environmental education, their comparative analysis, and selection of the effective model for Krasnodar.

The paper studies the stone staircase design in Russia and Tomsk on the example of the main building of the former Tomsk Imperial University built in 1878-1888, and the building 12 on Gogol Street built in 1908.
The relevance of the article is conditioned by the necessity to consider historical staircases when carrying out repair and restoration works on the objects of cultural heritage and historical buildings for the maximum preservation of their authenticity.
Purpose: To study the design of stone staircases late in the 19th and early 20th centuries in Russia and Tomsk. The study is based on the analysis of books and manuals on the construction art in 19–20th centuries, allowing to study the types and design of staircases characteristic to that period.
Methodology/approach: The article collects and generalizes the material on typical structural solutions of stone staircases in the historical buildings of Tomsk. An integrated approach including the literature review contributes to the goal achievement.
Practical implications: The obtained results can be used in repair and restoration of residential and public stone objects of historical buildings in Tomsk.
Value: The identification of stone staircase design in the 19–20th centuries in residential and public buildings of the city of Tomsk.

The article provides a justification for the need to develop requirements for hydraulic characteristics of water and sewer pipes with internal deposits, that are absent in current regulations. The absence of such requirements leads to a change in the actual inner pipe diameter, flow rate and pressure losses, higher energy consumption of the pumping equipment.
Purpose: To develop quantitative requirements for residue layer thickness on the inner surface of exhausted water and sewer pipes to substantiate their decommissioning.
Methodology/approach: The quantitative method is used to assess the pipe operation efficiency according to the hydraulic criterion with the analysis of their hydraulic potential.
Research findings: Quantitative values are proposed for the operational efficiency of exhausted pipelines according to which the residual pipe operation is determined to justify their decommissioning. Research findings will allow organizations to make decisions on decommission of exhausted engineering networks.
Value: The developed proposals can be introduced in construction rules 31.13330.2021 and 32.13330.2018, justifying the need to decommission exhausted water and sewer pipelines with residues.

Magnesite panels studied herein, are characterized by high fire resistance, moisture resistance, strength, sound insulation and environmental properties. The relevance is due to the modern trends in sustainable development, imposing high demands on building materials and products. Preference is given to those products or technologies that can potentially be marked as eco-friendly.
Purpose: The purpose of this work is to study magnesite panels, an innovative building material, to determine their performance characteristics, including fire resistance, moisture resistance, strength and environmental friendliness. The paper analyzes their effectiveness in comparison with other building materials.
Methodology/approach: The paper analyzes the properties of panels made of magnesium oxide as the most environmentally friendly and safe innovative building material. Their advantages are assessed through a comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of magnesium oxide panels with other available building panels (gypsum panels, oriented strand panels).
Research findings: It is found that magnesite panels are an environmentally friendly and universal material in architecture and construction. It is shown that magnesite panels are superior to other building panels in the selected parameters, but are more expensive.

During the repair of motorway junctions, it is important to minimize transportation losses by urban vehicles for the period of road works.
Methodology: Factor analysis.
Purpose: The aim of research is to substantiate the best diversion road of the motorway junction under repair in the streets network adjacent to the object.
Research findings: The dependence is shown of the average speed of cars and transportation cost on the distance between signalized intersections and traffic load.
Value: An algorithm is developed for substantiation of the diversion road for construction site. Justification for the diversion road along the streets network adjacent to the object, is developed using the factor analysis and based on the traffic load, of roadway conditions, traffic lights, route length.

The relevance of the study lies in the methodology improvement of assessing the durability of metal span structures with composite beams via the control for the stress-strain state on the basis of the system redundancy and self-organization. The variation in loads on composite beams of bridge spans during a long operation, is considered herein.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to develop a methodology for estimation of durability of composite beams as self-organized systems under load.
Research findings: It is shown that redundant composite beams increase their durability and technical utilization.
Practical implications: Durability of composite beams with regard to the yield strength delay.

Superstructural elements of a railway track experience dynamic loads varying over time. As a consequence, this is accompanied by the initiation and accumulation of fatigue damages. Defects in intermediate rail fastening are quite difficult to identify using flaw detection methods, and some can be destructed. In particular, rail fastening baseplates often fail due to insufficient fatigue strength.
Purpose: To investigate the fatigue strength of rail fastening baseplate.
Methodology: Development of the mathematical model of deformation based on the finite element method (FEM). Strength analysis of the baseplate using the model of a variable-thickness slab resting on a nonlinear elastic foundation. The latter is modeled by a set of rods with nonlinear deformation and parameters determined by compression tests of the baseplate. A mathematical model developed in COSMOS software for the FE analysis of the stress-strain state of the baseplate at a time-varying load from rolling equipment and assembly forces from attaching the baseplate to the sleeper and rail.
Research findings: The cyclic loading parameters are obtained at dangerous points of the baseplate and its durability is analyzed at different loads with respect to unevenness of track settlement and failure of bolt connections of rail fasteners. The influence of these factors on actual loads on the rail fastener is determined. It is found that the service life of the baseplate mainly depends on the dynamic load.

Road-building climatic zonation developed in the 1950s for the territory of the former Soviet Union, does not take into account natural climatic conditions of many regions occupying a significant area of Russia, which limits periods between the highway repair. The development of new territories, for example, the vast Arctic zone, requires a methodological approach from various organizations to the areas by the geographical complex, within which the same type of road structures will be characterized by the same strength and stability. To date, there is no unified, standardized methodology of road-building climatic zonation, providing the required level of reliability of structural and technological solutions at design and construction stages of roads.
Purpose: To summarize the results of long-term studies carried out by the authors on the territory of 14 administrative formations of the West Siberian region.
Research findings: Schematic is proposed for taxonomic division of territories based on the elements of the geographical complex of administrative entities of the Russian Federation. Differences between the calculated values of clay soil properties given in normative documents and experimental data, are shown on the example of the territory of the Omsk region.

The paper considers the limited durability as a structural property which continuously maintains operability during certain time under random loading of beam elements and proposes the definition for durability as the main criterion of failure and destruction of beam elements or beam as a whole.
Methodology: Structural analysis; cumulative model of quasi-monotonic damage accumulation and failure of beam elements.
Purpose: To develop methods to determine the durability based on damages representing a random, non-stationary loading process.
Research findings: The damage accumulation is calculated for beams. The process is considered as quasi-monotonic. Stress-strain curves are obtained, including changes in probabilistic characteristics of not only structural materials, but also loading modes from the damage growth. The durability limitations of span girders are estimated both by nominal stresses and total damage in the more dangerous section.