The article is devoted to the architecture typology of historical wooden buildings in cities and rural settlements of the Tobolsk province. The research results can be used for studying related topics in the field of restoration and reconstruction of historical and architectural heritage. The research materials were iconographic data, books, articles and dissertations on the topic. Approaches include the field surveys, measurements and photographs of objects. As a result, the analytical material allows identifying the main types of wooden residential buildings late in the 19th and early 20th centuries in terms of their constructive and space-planning solutions. Definitions are given to the objects at issue, examples of the architectural typology of wooden historical buildings in the Tobolsk province late in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

   The present study attempts to predict the possible impacts and consequences of the modern urban concept (smart urbanism) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The article reveals the concept of smart urbanism in more detail, the principles applied in world
practice during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlights the specifics of projects that relate to the concept of smart urbanism.

   The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of smart urbanism in a pandemic situation. Relevance: The study of the modern urban planning concept (smart urbanism) in a pandemic time and its advantages and disadvantages in solving problems in such conditions. Purpose:

   The study of modern trends in urban design, their effectiveness and shortcomings for solving problems in a pandemic situation (COVID-19). It should be noted that in order to achieve the goals of the study, it is necessary to define the term smart urbanism, its principles and practice; identify the pandemic situation, its characteristics and the city's needs in the current situation; apply the solutions of this concept (smart urbanism) in cities during a pandemic.

   Methodology: Critical analysis, scientific literature and documents related to the concept of smart urbanism and its application during the pandemic to reach and draw conclusions. The concept of smart urbanism and pandemic control in the city.

   Originality: The study and analysis of the urban planning concept of a smart city during the pandemic, its advantages and disadvantages to achieve control and find solutions in similar situations.

   Purpose: Parameter identification of the quality improvement of engineering redevelopment; identification of the main parameters of improvement; theoretical aspects of landscaping.

   Methodology: Terminological and semantic analysis; theoretical comparative analysis.
   Originality: Identification of comfortable environment parameters in terms of engineering redevelopment.

   Research findings: The territory improvement is important for creating the environmental space, the quality environment is characterized by the improvement components such as visual perception, durability of elements, safety, presence of vital objects with regard to the needs of citizens. The quality environment is affected by spatial microparameters and engineering support parameters.

   Practical implications: The results can be used for assessing the quality of life, since engineering redevelopment creates conditions for achieving the vital environment.

   Purpose: Identification and substantiation of prerequisites for the comprehensive sports dissemination and accessibility at all urban planning levels and recreation network in the architectural and spatial environment.

   Methodology: Development of the principles of sports facilities.

   The analysis of types, features and characteristics of the urban environment construction; the nature of communicative connections and their role in the organization of public sports areas. The algorithm is proposed for the construction of sports areas in the urban environment as a means of social integration into the culture.

   Originality: Modern requirements for a comfortable stay of recreants are considered using the principles of sustainability, adaptability, uniqueness.

   Practical implications: The proposed urban environment will attract the attention of citizens to sports and improve the social environment.

   The article discusses theoretical approaches to the architecture of building facades. The main algorithms are identified for the project thinking and creative thoughts implemented by the architectural image. A review is given to the main ways of facade solutions. As a result, a generalized functional model is proposed for the creative process when forming a figurative solution for building facades.

   Optimization of elastic rod systems under pulsive loading is considered for the case when the vector of variable parameters consists of two groups: geometrical parameters of sections of elements and additional nodal masses. A two-stage iterative optimization process is proposed to increase the convergence rate, including two independent optimization problems with different objective functions solved for each iteration. Optimization of a five-storey two-span steel frame under the pulse and static loads is implemented in the proposed two-stage process. The obtained results show the effectiveness of using the proposed two-stage optimization and additional nodal masses as variable parameters.

 

   In design of reinforced concrete beams on yielding supports under the dynamic load in a structure, it is necessary to consider the thrust reaction. The presence of a spacing leads to a significant increase in strength and a decrease in the structural deformability, as in the case with yielding supports due to their energy intensity.

   The purpose of this paper is to develop the calculation method and study the feasibility of using yielding supports in the structure under the dynamic load.

   The paper presents the results of a numerical calculation of reinforced concrete beams with spacing on yielding supports under the dynamic load. The joint influence is considered for yielding supports and thrust on the dynamism of reinforced concrete structures. The theoretical results confirm the positive effect of using yielding supports with regard to the expansion effect in dynamically loaded structures.

   The use of classical elements in spatial structures of prefabricated buildings is inefficient due to a design complexity and specific quantity of metal in the assembled components. The paper studies the durability, stability and deformability of wooden elements with glued metal plates working in a multiply connected structure under compressive and tensile loads. The experiment series include maximum loads causing the loss of stability and destruction of prototypes as well as deformation of wooden and metal elements. As a result, the dependences are suggested for the carrying capacity of elements on the load type, thickness and depth of the glued steel plate, and the dependence of tension and compression of elements on the efforts. The latter can be applied in calculations under the strain scheme and modeling of the joint compliance of the multiply connected structure.

   Due to the growing possibility of the likelihood of dynamic loads on buildings from natural and man-made emergency situations, it is necessary to design reinforced concrete structures resistant to such impacts.

   The aim of this work is to study effective methods of the structure protection such as yielding supports and longitudinal compression, deformability of oblique sections of reinforced concrete structures under compression and bending.

   The paper proposes the experimental methodology. It is shown that time of the structural resistance significantly increases with decreasing stiffness of yielding supports. When the longitudinal compression grows, deformation of transverse reinforcement reduces in the structure. It is demonstrated that the use of elastoplastic yielding supports reduces deformation of transverse reinforcement as compared to rigid supports.

   Various complicated processes, including physical and chemical, occur in clay soils, which finally determine their strength and stress-and-strain properties. In order to use clay soils as a subgrade, it is necessary to increase their strength primarily through a compaction. In clay soil compaction, the main role belongs to physically bound water, which gathers around soil particles forming water envelopes and making the compaction difficult. The paper considers compaction of overmoistured clay soils along with vibration, that provides an intensive transition of bound water to a free state. In this case, the envelopes of physically bound water become smaller, thereby increasing the possibility of the particle bonding under pressure. This improves the contact between the soil particles and the soil compaction.

   Purpose: The Arctic territories of Russia are mostly situated on the permafrost soils, which greatly complicate the service and construction of wastewater systems in urban areas.

   Design: Options are proposed for the thermal and technical calculation of pipeline sections of the pressure and gravity domestic sewage system to ensure an effective energy saving while maintaining reliability of the system operation.

   Research findings: Diagrams are suggested to quickly and accurately determine the thermal insulation parameters and ways to maintain positive wastewater temperatures during their transportation in a cold season.

   Practical implications: The obtained data can be used to select the most energy-efficient and reliable design solution.

   Originality / value: Recommendations on the thermal analysis will help to draw the right engineering decision in designing sewerage networks in northern conditions.

   Hydration of Portland cement in normal conditions is a complex problem. A detailed description of the hydration process includes the clinker dissolution, diffusion processes, surface phenomena on the nuclei of new phases, quantitative composition of the solid matter and growth of hydration products, porous structure, humidity depending on the hardening time and water/cement ratio. Thermodynamic modeling of Portland cement hydration based on the Lothenbach model allows solving these problems to a large extent. Using GEMS software, thermodynamic simulation allows detecting the amount of both initial clinker and hydration products such as cement paste, ettringite, Portlandite, and others for a long period of time. The paper presents the simulation results of the phase content during Portland cement hydration based on the Lothenbach model, in the absence of such mineral additives as calcite, lime, anhydrite, gypsum, hemihydrate, K 2 SO 4 . The water/cement ratio is 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. It is found that the final dominant products include CSH gel of a complex composition, portlandite, insoluble clinker minerals as well as hydrogarnet, monosulfate, humidity distributed in the porous space; ettringite is absent. It is determined that the fraction of the porous space increases with increasing water content and even after 1250 days of hardening the contribution of insoluble clinkers is 20–25 g among 150 g of hydrated Portland cement.

   The paper investigates the liquid polymer-bitumen binder in a pipe with a sudden expansion. At small values of the expansion parameter, the formation of a high-viscosity liquid zone occurs in the axial region, and the effective viscosity decreases at the periphery and nearwall zones. The destruction process of structural bonds, which intensively proceeds near the flow from the supply pipe, leads to a decrease in the effective viscosity. The formation of a corner area of reverse flows is accompanied by the increase in the effective viscosity.

   The paper deals with steel structures of road bridges. Multidimensional dynamic stress diagrams are suggested for steel road bridges. The analysis and quantitative conclusions are presented for the trouble-free operation of complex loaded structures. The paper describes the spatial distribution of mechanical stresses in buildings based on the obtained data on the operation under various loads and the statistical distribution of different points and zones of the object. Acoustic stress measurements are carried out during the bridge operation, and mathematical distributions are obtained for all measured points. It is shown that in determining the entire array of loads, a criterion can be identified for the trouble-free operation of bridge elements and the structure as a whole. Mathematical distributions are obtained or all measured points. The criterion parameter Χ² is introduced. It is found that the real three-dimensional distribution clearly describes the operation of various units and parts of steel road bridges. The findings confirm the proposed hypothesis about the possibility of such a description. It is noted that the real three-dimensional distribution well describes the work of various nodes, parts, parts of steel road bridges. The findings confirm our hypothesis about the possibility of such a description.

   The paper focuses on increasing the service life of the road pavement layers made of dispersion hardened organomineral mixtures through the aging intensity reduction of organic binder, which begins at the preparation stage of these mixtures and lasts during the structural layer operation.

   The organic binder generates adsorption-volute shells on the surface of mineral materials, which become more viscous and acquire increased brittleness. Crack formation becomes more intensive, pavement designed and built in accordance with the requirements destroys. Dispersion hardening of the pavement structural layers with chemical fibers from spent sorbents containing oil products, can be used to partially solve this problem.
   The purpose of the work is to study the aging intensity of the binder in organomineral mixtures using electron paramagnetic resonance methods.

   The aging intensity of the organic binder is evaluated by the concentration of paramagnetic centers, since asphaltenes are almost one hundred percent concentrate of paramagnets, which can serve as an indicator of the aging intensity of the petroleum dispersion system. It is shown that dispersion hardening of the pavement layers by chemical fibers from spent sorbents containing absorbed oil products, decreases the concentration of paramagnetic centers, which indicates to the higher concentration of asphaltenes, which, in turn, means a decrease in the aging intensity of the oil dispersion system.