The article is devoted to the early activity of the famous architect Hector Guimard (1867–1942), the creator of French Art Nouveau. During this period (1891–1900) he successfully combined project work with teaching at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. He searched for own directions in the architecture. Testing a variety of eclectic styles, in 1894 year Guimard acquainted himself with the work of Belgian architect Victor Horta (1861–1947) and adopted the main elements of the Art Nouveau. The article considers the earliest design works of E. Guimard, which reflected the main directions of his creative search, including Parisian mansions (1891–1894), Castel Beranger (1894–1898), Coilliot House in Lille (1898), Paris Metro (1898–1912).

The article presents a study of Krasnoyarsk churches, built in the first two centuries of the existence of the fortress-city. The research results are based on the analysis of archival materials of the country. Architectural transformations of the Russian cities in the 17–18th centuries are the least filled pages of the historical chronicle of Siberia, which determine the need for further study of previously known and newly identified documentary sources which provide the most complete information on architectural and urban planning activities in that period. The construction of the first temples and some architectural features of religious buildings of Krasnoyarsk in the 17–18th centuries are described.

The study is carried in the framework of the project “Urban planning retrospective of medium and small settlements of the Ob-Yenisei waterway”, which is aimed at studying the transformation of residential areas of one of the main waterways of Siberia, from Tyumen to Kyakhta. The coastal territory of the Tura, Tobol, Irtysh, Ob, Ket rivers of the Ob basin in West Siberia is studied. The theoretical study identifies and graphically displays medium and small settlements at different development stages of West Siberia. A retrospective of the settlements allows to determine their typhology in the waterway coastal zone in the 18–19th centuries. The quantitative data on each type of settlement are obtained, and the routes of communication are classified. In the 18th century, land directions rarely cross the settlements, most of them locate along the rivers, streams, elders and lakes. In the 19th century, local residential areas (houses, single yards, settlements, villages) along the land routes enlarge and form villages. A comparative analysis shows a high percentage of preserving the location, typhology and planning structure of the small settlements of the modern settlement system. In general, the period of urbanization is described from the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

The article analyzes the experience of design and organization of children technoparks, a new type of buildings of supplementary education appeared in 2015 in Russia, and, consequently, not enough studied, especially in terms of architectural organization.

The paper analyzes the existing children, determines their typology, identifies architectural and planning solutions, planning structure of cities. The aim of the study is to develop recommendations for technopark design, including their types, functional structure, architectural planning, and to elaborate a project for Rostov-on-Don.

The research results include the typology, organizational and pedagogic structure of children technoparks, creation of models of educational processes that determine architectural organization of technoparks of different typology. Emerging trends in the technopark development are identified: „Quantorum‟ technopark; technoparks based on existing enterprises and institutions, academic institutions and public buildings (museums, media centres, etc.).

The conclusion is the typology definition of technoparks in Rostov-on-Don, their models and proposals for their inclusion in the urban planning structure.

This article is devoted to the identification, typology and evaluation of the architectural space structure of the riverside territory of Western Siberian cities on the example of Tomsk as one of the early-established settlements of the region. The main types of the architectural space structure of the riverside territory are identified, with the allocation of 17 spatial-planning areas and the subsequent definition of the morphotype of each site development. The study utilizes the database of the Tomsk planning atlas, the public cadastral map, the 2GIS database and information on the cultural heritage objects located in the Tomsk region.

The article discusses the development of small cities in various natural and geographic conditions of West Siberia in the 18–20th centuries

The aim of this work is to identify the specific development of the main cities in the Novosibirsk region. The historical and analytical approaches are utilized in this study.

The natural conditions and their influence on the territory development and the formation of the economic and geographical position of small towns are considered.

Three main groups of cities are identified: 1) the earliest settlements of Kuybyshev, Toguchin, 2) stations of the transport routes Barabinsk, Tatarsk and Karasuk, 3) Berdsk and Iskitim, which rapidly grow, and the development of the production base due to industrial enterprises evacuated during the Great World War II from the European part of the country. On the basis of archival documents, a comprehensive analysis is conducted for city plans of the 20th century and the types of their planning structure.

Purpose. Thermal and economic parameters of power systems in low-rise buildings during their construction and operation. Methodology. Analysis and comparison of thermal and economic parameters of energy systems in low-rise buildings. Research findings. The construction of low-rise buildings instead of individual houses confirms saving of capital construction and power system costs as well as energy savings while in operation. Based on the developed methodology, the capital and operating costs for power systems of an individual residence and a section of blocked houses are calculated. The main indicators for both house options are summarized and the most optimal option is selected. Research applications. These recommendations can be applied in modern housing construction and serve as a basis for new investment and construction projects on low-rise buildings that meet the energy efficiency requirements. Conclusion. Calculations show a 7% heat loss reduction during the construction of blocked houses. The capital cost savings for the construction of the sectional blocked lowrise building amount to 180.574 rubles.

Strength, stiffness, crack resistance requirements must be specified for any structure. These requirements are provided by the appropriate calculations. Compliance with all requirements ensures the design reliability. But due to the fact that structural analysis is performed by the limit state method, the numerical value of the reliability cannot be determined. This can be done only by applying probabilistic methods of calculation. One of the major obstacles to the use of probabilistic methods is the lack of standardized values of the structural reliability (normative reliability).

Although probabilistic methods of calculation were developed in late in the 20th century, the assignment of normative reliability values encountered serious obstacles. The most serious obstacle was the consideration of the failure consequences as some consequences were quantifiable. On the other hand, much work concerned the assignment of normative structural reliability based on their bearing capacity. Only few works related to the reliability normalization using deformation and crack resistance.

This paper deals with the regulatory definition of reliability using the deformation of reinforced-concrete bendings based on physiological requirements. A method for determining the normative reliability based on human sensitivity to fluctuations is proposed. The normative reliability of precast slabs is determined using the proposed method.

It is known that heat-stressed elements greatly affect the thermal properties of walling and contribute to the heat losses of a building. Heat-stressed elements decrease the temperature on the inner walling surface adjacent to the external corners. In addition to increasing heat losses, heat-stressed elements increase the condensation on the inner walling surface leading to mold appearance. This is one of the reasons that shows that the modeling of heat-stressed elements is a very important design stage. The article discusses the effect from these elements on thermal properties of multilayer walling in the external corner of a building. Using the ANSYS software package, the influence of heat-stressed elements on the heat transfer processes is modeled in the external corner area. A quantitative assessment of the thermal state of typical walling fragments under extreme heat-transfer conditions is given. The obtained research results can be used to increase the temperature in the area of heat-stressed elements and reduce their negative impact.

The paper considers the dynamic and thermal interference effects on two neighbouring building models in the form of square prisms arranged at a short distance from each other. It is shown how relative positions of the models affect the specific phenomena caused by the airflow interactions.

The aim of this paper is to experimentally study the dynamic and thermal interference of a tandem of two building models in the form of square prisms depending on their relative position.

The phenomenon of wind loads on buildings and structures has always attracted great interest among engineers and researchers. With the accumulation of knowledge and technical capabilities, the potential for likely ways to study wind flows and their impact on different objects increased. In recent years, the world science has accumulated an extensive knowledge base on wind impacts on objects of various shapes, such as prisms, pyramids, cylinders, etc. Studies are carried out for their mutual impact of several objects on changes in both the wind load and heat exchange. Their mutual effect on the air motion and turbulence is considered.

There are two main areas in the field of the wind impact. The first impact is the force load on building, the second is the wind as a source of convective heat exchange. The object of this study is the interference parameters allowing to assess the influence on the field of pressure and heat recoil of disturbances evoked in front of the barriers.

At the first stage, physical models help to study the pressure field on different facets and ratios of the local and medium heat exchange under the forced convection conditions. The next step is to jointly consider the wind (dynamic) load and heat flows, attempting to detect the total contribution to changes depending on the reciprocal model arrangement. All experiments are performed in the aerodynamic tube, at the TSUAB department. It is shown that the dynamic and thermal interference ratios vary greatly in two building models. At the same time, the thermal interference is very conservative compared to the dynamic. Using the interference parameters, it is easy to analyze the extreme pressure and the heat flow on the model surface depending on a large number of factors, including their arrangement.

The paper presents a brief analysis of methods of foundation soil purification from oil products. A method of electrochemical soil purification is suggested using the system of operational geophysical monitoring in natural conditions. A full-scale test method of controlled electrochemical soil purification and the experimental setup are described. The results of engineering-geological surveys of the soil massif artificially saturated with oil products (waste oil, gasoline) are presented. The formation of drainage zones, accumulation of petroleum products during electroosmotic transfer, soil structure changes caused by the phase transformation and dissolution of petroleum products are presented. the phenomenon of coagulation of oil products in soil during the electrical processing leading to the increase in the particle size in sand and clay components due to changes in the electrical soil resistance. The experiments prove the efficiency of electrochemical cleaning of low-permeable sandy-clay soils.

The article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the laws affecting the pavement design quality in the West Siberian region. It is shown that the properties of clay subgrade determine its composition, which forms under the influence of the geographical complex of the region. The differentiated approach to the climatic conditions when zoning the territory is reflected in the taxonomic scheme “zone – subzone –road region”. For the road regions in II, III and IV road building climatic zones, the design parameters are assigned to the clay subgrade soils, automobile roads and the territory of interest. The recommended values of subgrade parameters differ from those recommended by current standards by 40%, which indicates the importance and practical value of the results presented.

High-quality and durable asphalt pavement ensures safe and comfortable traffic, optimal logistics costs, territory attractiveness to construction investments, and industrial development. With constantly increasing loads on road pavements, it is necessary to improve the asphalt quality by introducing additives into the mixture, design methodology, scientific justification for the selection and preparation of raw materials. The paper proposes the development algorithm of crushed-stone and mastic asphalt modified by the new stabilizing additive, which consists of 90 % of cellulose fiber from waste paper, 5 % rubber powder, and 5 % bitumen. The optimal particle size distribution of the mineral component in the crushed-stone and mastic asphalt is considered to be 73% of crushed stone with fractions of 15–20, 10–15 and 5–10 mm, 16 % of dolomite sand from crushing screenings, 11 % of mineral powder, 0.4 % of stabilizing additive and 5.5 % of bitumen. The compressive strength of the developed composition is 2.3 times higher than that meeting the requirements of GOST 31015–2002 for the climatic zone II. The research results are confirmed by pilot-industrial tests in constructing the road pavement in Tyumen.

The paper describes the problem of consolidation of clay soil with spherical tensor and stress deviator, taking into account compressibility of pore fluid and the soil creep. In solving the problem, the differential equation is suggested for compacting cohesive soil filled with linearly compressible groundwater. It is considered that the gas volume in the groundwater does not exceed 10 %. The solution of the differential equation is based on the Fourier transform.

For the numerical calculation of creep during compaction of consolidated soil an easy-touse method was used, i.e. testing of soil samples of the same monolith in the compression device, but different height. Knowing the relative vertical deformation of these samples, approximation and extrapolation methods allow to find the relative deformation at the sample height tending to zero. At almost zero sample thickness, deformation depends only on the soil creep, while the pore pressure will no longer play a role.

The obtained values of the relative strain are used to select the function of the creep nucleus. It is found that the exponential function optimally describes the process of soil compaction over the entire area: from the beginning of compaction to its termination.

Knowing the pressure, the stress in soil and the amount of sediment are found with a triaxial compression, taking into account its instantaneous deformation.

Relevance: The road safety, the quality and effectiveness of maintenance works in winter directly relate to the volume and frequency of ongoing anti-icing. For federal roads, indicators determining the use of anti-icing materials and their cyclic processing are determined by industry regulations. For regional or municipal roads, these norms are sometimes adopted as well as for federal roads, but without considering the climatic conditions of territories of their location. Purpose: Determination of evidence-based indicators of the road ice-covering in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and their anti-icing treatment depending on the climatic conditions of the Okrug. Methodology: Statistical processing of observation results of climatic parameters affecting the formation of ice covering in 8 districts and 6 meteorological stations outside the Okrug for the years 2000–2017. The kriging method (SURFER software) was used as a method of point interpolation. Research findings: The number of days with possible ice covering during the cold period and the number of cycles of anti-icing treatment of road surfaces in the administrative regions of the Okrug are obtained with a 50 and 95 % probability, depending on the climatic conditions.