The article discusses the general trends in the development of classicism in the architecture of Russia and Siberia. Prerequisites for this development are studied and the examples of famous architectural monuments and the main styles are given. The relevance of this study is conditioned by the problems of preserving historic buildings in Russia and the loss of valuable building elements. Classical architecture is characterized by strict forms widely adopted in the 19th century. For a long time, it was recognized as a background housing and was destructed in the Soviet period. At present, these objects are rare and carry information about the architectural era. Although many authors study the classicism in Russia, it is not yet completely studied, in particular, in Tomsk-city.
The purpose of the article is to study the classicism stages in Russia and development in Tomsk. The article uses the methods of comparative and architectural analyses. It is shown how the main public buildings are designed and built in Russia and Tomsk, in particular, in accordance with the approved projects.
It is shown that classicism developed in several stages and by the middle of the 19th century became the national style. A need to build state-owned buildings in the provincial cities, the emergence of new types of buildings, such as magistrates, offices, banks, exchanges modified the architectural and artistic direction.
Standard projects allow developing the efficient and technically competent housing in a short time, which contribute to the stylistic integrity of the Russian cities. Due to the significant loss of buildings of the classicism period, the existing buildings are the most ancient and valuable objects that require studying and preservation.

Design/methodology/approach: The historical and urban development of Tyumen is analyzed for the period of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The city division into historical areas and administrative districts and the current state of historical areas are considered. The territories of districts and characteristic architectural features are revealed. Purpose: The purpose of this work is to show the development of architecture of the city late in the 19th and early 20th centuries with regard to economic, political and historical factors. Research findings: The analysis of historical areas of Tyumen is given from the point of view of its urban development and architecture. The research utilizes modern and historical maps of the city of Tyumen and scientific publications. The research method consists of the analysis of information about the urban development using the literature and the correlation of this information with historical materials. The analysis is given to architectural dominants and their impact on the architectural and planning of historical areas. Research findings: The definition of historical areas locations and the analysis of the architecture development in Tyumen of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The diagrams are suggested for the location of architectural areas (churches, factories) and important town-planning elements (squares, squares, cemeteries, etc.) in the city infrastructure. Originality/value: The analysis is given to the intensive population growth in Tyumen, which affects the road system. For the last decade, a new system of streets has been developed both inside and outside the city. This fact affects both the urban planning and the architectural appearance of the city because some of architectural areas have been lost.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to explore the influence of the Russian building culture on the Sakha architecture in the 17th–18th centuries. Methodology/approach: In this study, archival documents and related literature are used to determine the influence of the Russian architecture on the Sakha folk architecture. Research findings: Significant changes are shown in the material and spiritual culture of Sakha. The Russians are involved in agriculture. The system of resettlement of the Yakut district is changed. New types of buildings are created. The Russians build fortresses, huts, barns, mills, and other constructions. Practical implications: The obtained results can be used in the further investigations concerning architecture of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Originality/value: Research results show the influence of the Russian building culture on the Sakha folk architecture. Residential buildings, outbuildings and settlements are described.

The relevance of the study is supported by the general trend of re-industrialization and the need to preserve the industrial heritage. The complexity of the task is conditioned by the lack of clear ideas about the industrial heritage perception. In contrast to historical and cultural cities, industrial cities are studied because of needs of industrialization in the 20th century and often are not of architectural value. Nevertheless, the prevailing architectural and industrial environment of medium-sized industrial cities of Siberia allows saving the population, genetically predetermines the development trends of urban planning and is a key element of the capitallabor ratio, not only in the industrial resettlement framework, but also as an independent unit. Historical, retrospective, morphological, graphoanalytical and other methods are used to identify the development scenarios of the architectural and industrial environment, its preservation mechanisms in terms of the Siberian region and cities with a population of 50 to 100 thousand people. The article presents the criteria for the preservation of industrial heritage formed on the programs of industrial heritage preservation and the analysis of the architectural and industrial environment of medium-sized industrial cities of Siberia.

Pre-project studies in modern building design in the historical and architectural urban environment is relevant to architects, as the city-planning requirements are systematically updated and complicated. A special attention is paid to the analysis of international documents, which formulate objective approaches to preservation of the unique architectural and artistic images of the urban environment. The purpose of this study is to concretize the list of research works for identification of the architectural design standards in the historical environment. The events and the standards are formulated on the basis of the structural analysis of the Russian and foreign experience of modern design organizations. A number of proposed analytical studies include the data systematization in terms of town planning regulations established by cultural heritage sites, photographic recording of landscape, graphical analysis of streets in order to identify common patterns in the historical development of the architectural environment and styles. On the examples of Achinskaya Street in Tomsk and a new construction project the process of developing such standards is clearly demonstrated. The presented design method can be used in the design and estimate documentation for new building construction within the protection zones, development control zones and will meet the requirements for the Federal Law of Cultural Heritage Objects (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of Peoples of the Russian Federation.

The problems of the ecological crisis in cities, new conditions of the natural environment integration into architecture appear today, and the quality improvement and representativeness of urban landscapes expand. Arborsculpture is of great practical interest which is still insufficiently developed in Russia. Purpose: The aim of this work is to consider typological characteristics of arborsculpture objects in Russia and abroad, including city sculptures and sacral objects. Novelty: A new vision of sculpture as bionic art objects of the modern world. The typology is proposed for arborsculpture objects based on geometric shaping embedded in the structure of plants. Methods: Typological analysis and semantic testing of arborsculpture objects, systematization and structuring of research data. Results: Two categories typology of the identified arborsculpture objects in Russia and abroad is determined and tested: basic primitive geometry (subcategories "single", "composite", subtypes "circular (vertical and horizontal plane)", "arched", "rectangular"), polymetric structure (subcategories "identified" (subtypes "human forms", "digital code", "spatial interpretation of art forms"), and "symbolic-abstract"). A number of aspects are identified for the formation of these types of objects in the public spaces of the world's cities. Practical implications: The implementation of arborsculpture objects in urban landscape will contribute to the change of depressive areas and the cultural and leisure infrastructure for the needs of citizens.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the architectural spatial solutions that can serve as a basis of adaptive measures taken for coastal settlements of the northern territories of Russia to climatic changes. A search for analogs is carried out both among the implemented projects and project proposals. The identification of analogs allows their categorization and highlighting a number of adaptive techniques for further research.

The article discusses the development of the interior in private and public buildings in Russia late in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Romantic trends that emerged in architecture Western Europe in the 19th century turned into the new style expressed in modernity, which fundamentally differs from the historical repetition in architecture of the early period. This article is an interdisciplinary work and describes such arts as architecture, painting, and decorative and applied arts. The main feature of modernity is the internal space, subordinating the interior to the exterior, its graphic and artistic solution. The article focuses on the history of the interior and light design, furniture style and color.

The Council House in Makhachkala is one of the main works of academician Zholtovskii. In spite of the fact that this architectural monument generated significant interest of the Soviet researchers in the 1920s and was mentioned in a number of publications, it is still not fully studied. This study aims at generalizing the existing practices as well as expressing personal vision taking into account new archive materials and the latest on-site examinations of this architectural monument. Its particular qualities and specific structure are shown in the context of the Soviet architecture and the creative activity of Zholtovskii. The presented photographs and archival documents have not been published before.

A publication by G.N. Potanin, a well-known researcher of Siberia and, a prominent representative of Siberian regionalism is studied in the collection “Siberia, its current state and needs”, published in 1908 from the architectural view point. The purpose of this article is to analyze the architectural factor and comments from the contemporary of the urban planning processes in Siberia in the late in the 19th and early 20th centuries, which are interesting for studying the history of architecture in its regional aspect, relevant to the urban planning theory, practice and conservation of the regional architectural heritage. It is shown that G.N. Potanin described the Siberian towns, specifics of their urban construction, special cultural and educational role of public buildings in Siberian conditions of, and residential buildings of urban dwellers. The article presents Potanin‟s opinion on urban development in Tomsk and Irkutsk. Potanin‟s observations associated with the use of solar energy by Siberians in winter time are described including street glazing and a low spacing between large windows on façades and the interiors of residential buildings which experienced a kind of greenhouse effect in winter. The historical architectural materials presented herein are relevant for the modern urban planning theory and practice and can assist in preserving the urban planning heritage of the region. The analysis of Potanin‟s publications related directly to the architectural and town-planning themes, is published for the first time and can be used in the related teaching courses.

The article describes engineering and technical solutions that determine the development of modern outdoor lighting: safety, light comfort, aesthetics of urban space architecture, energy efficiency. Outdoor lighting innovations affect the city planning structure and its elements, such as road network, pedestrian paths and spaces, landscape and recreational areas. The article describes the basic requirements, principles and techniques for organizing outdoor lighting in the city structure that contribute to solving strategic lighting problems such as creation of the comfort lighting zones and amenities, satisfaction of ethical and aesthetic needs and wellbeing of residents and visitors. The outdoor lighting concepts are formulated in the context of modern trends in the urban development.

At present, the reconstruction and modernization of urban development is provided in many cities of Russia. This is due to the fact that living conditions of the population do not meet the modern requirements. The government cannot solve this problem without the involvement of the private sector and population, for which it is necessary to develop an organizational model for the program implementation which identifies the participants, forms mechanisms for their interaction, coordinates the program with public opinion, adjusts the legislative and regulatory framework, conducts research into technical, engineering, social historical, demographic, historical, architectural, transport and environmental aspects of the renovation program. To identify the first results of this program, it is necessary to analyze them. The article shows what happens during the implementation of the renovation program which affects the interests of the population of our country and the political and macroeconomic stability of the country. In order to increase the effectiveness of renovation program, all the participants should take permanent measures, because it is the most important factor affecting the economy development of the whole country.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is the experimental studies and numerical calculations of the dynamic parameters of reinforced concrete columns under the increasing compressive stress. Design/methodology/approach: A RSV-150 Remote Sensing Vibrometer is used to measure the natural frequency of columns. A detailed 3D finite element model of the reinforced concrete column under the compression is constructed in ANSYS finite element program. Research findings: The paper presents the experimental and numerical results of the dynamic parameters of compressed reinforced concrete columns. The dependences are suggested for the reinforced concrete columns between the compressive stress and eigenfrequency. The analysis of the obtained dependencies shows the increase in the eigenfrequency of reinforced concrete columns with the increasing compressive stress, in contrast to the results of numerical calculations demonstrating the frequency decrease. According to the results of the field and numerical studies, the dependences of the eigen-frequency of the reinforced concrete columns on the compressive stresses are obtained. Practical implications: The obtained results can be applied in the modal analysis of the technical condition of compressed elements of buildings. Originality/value: The modal analysis of dynamic parameters gives an idea of the technical condition of the engineering system with regard to the external effect and the system properties.

The paper presents a brief review of test experiments with models of steel-concrete beams made of high-strength concretes. The description is given to models and features of the applied materials. Numerical modeling and calculations are performed for steel-concrete beams. The modeling is performed in two versions: with and without the steel-concrete contact interaction. The calculation results are given numerically and graphically, and loads corresponding to the limiting bearing capacity, vertical displacements, crack opening width, height of the selected compressed zone are obtained. All parameters are evaluated and compared with the experimental data. Numerical and experimental models of destruction are compared. The obtained simulation and numerical results are compared.

The paper presents the approach to the metallurgical waste recycling introducing them into the composition of fine-grained concretes. Blast-furnace produced by OOO „EVRAZ ZSMK‟ is used as a recyclable waste. According to the X-ray diffraction patterns, the blast-furnace is mainly represented by such components as iron and calcium hydrated silicates, quartz, calcite and carbon. It is found that during the hydrothermal treatment of fine-grained concrete, carbonate-containing additives facilitate the formation of hydrated calcium silicates containing carbonate groups the composition of which is close to the that of hydrosilicate phases. The formation of these products in the concrete production contributes to the strength properties improvement in the material obtained and reduces the possibility of late formation of similar phases during its service. This minimizes the carbon dioxide corrosion and shrinkage deformation accompanying this process. It is shown that the use of blast-furnace as fine aggregate in the concrete mix increases the material density and strength by 14 % and 11.2 %, respectively. The water absorption decreases by 5 %, which positively affects the frost resistance of finegrained concretes. The obtained fine-grained concrete provide can be used to produce the M250 concrete grade.

One of the most effective developments of energy saving in the production of Portland cement used worldwide, is joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with injected mineral additives, such as pozzolanic rocks, ashes and slags.
The aim of this work is to substantiate the possibility of the quality cement production using joint grinding of Portland cement clinker with natural mineral additives with a view to the of production location.
River (quartz-feldspar) sands of the Lena basin and large-tonnage raw materials (zeolitecontaining rocks of the Khonguruu deposit) are considered as mineral additives to Portland cement. The study uses both standard test methods and the X-ray phase analysis for binders and concretes.
The activity of the mineral additives to Portland cement is studied. The main properties of clinker, gypsum stone and mineral additives are studied to organize the production of quality Portland cement and products for the support of construction projects in the North-Eastern part of the Arctic and the North of Russia. The effect from additives and fineness of zeolitecontaining clinker and quartz-feldspar sand is studied relative to the thickness and setting time of the cement paste and cement mortar strength.
It is shown that the types CEM II/A-P 32.5N and CEM II / A-P 42.5N Portland cement can be produced from imported Portland cement clinker and local mineral additives saving 5–15 % Portland cement clinker.

The paper proposes sample cells and the non-destructive and reproducing calculation of water structure, water solutions, animals and vegetables. This method provides a high resolution capability and is based on measuring the electric capacity and quality of oscillating circuits when placing the studied objects between the condenser plates. It is found that at a temperature change in water and water-containing systems, concentration and structure of solutions, material surface and magnetic field, significant changes are observed in the electric capacity and the quality of the oscillating circuit. Also, local maxima and minima are found at temperatures of 32, 39 and 42 °C on temperature curves, when heating and cooling water. It is shown that with the frequency increase of reactive current from 1 to 100 kHz the electric capacity of distilled water decreases by 34 %. At a low concentration of sodium solution, the maximum value of electric capacity is observed at 30 kHz, while and with the increase in concentration – at 100 kHz. In comparison with distilled water, the quality of the oscillating circuit increases from 1.5 to 14 times at resonance frequencies 30, 100 and 300 kHz. The electrophysical parameters of water, water-containing systems and thermometry method allow evaluating the structurization process caused by the change in the amount of free dipoles of water and those in clusters , hydrated ion formations as well as by the change in the orientation polarization of macromolecules, cellular and intracellular membranes, and components of these media.

In engineering geology and soil mechanics, there are dependencies that allow one to transfer from deformation parameters obtained in the laboratory conditions to that obtained in natural conditions and between parameters obtained during laboratory tests using different methods. These dependencies greatly simplify and facilitate research into the field. However, for bottom-ash mixtures, considered as man-made soil for the embankment construction, the construction of such dependencies has not been previously performed. The aim of this work is to obtain these dependencies and determine the modulus of deformation under triaxial compression, the elastic moduli determined in laboratory conditions on a lever press and experimental tray. The dependencies are also obtained using the plate test method on the experimental embankment and the California bearing ratio in a wide range of density and humidity.
It is found that the transfer equations derived earlier for deformation parameters are not suitable for the bottom-ash mixes. Mathematical dependencies are then derived for the deformation parameters of these mixes in different conditions.
The Originality and practical implications of this work is the derivation of new dependencies based on experimental data allowing to obtain desired values of these parameters for bottom-ash embankments with higher accuracy than achieved by other authors using mathematical calculations.