The paper discusses the architecture of the earliest three manor houses of Pompeii (4-3^th centuries BC), namely the Surgeon, the Tragic Poet and Sallust. An attempt is made to identify the dependence of the architectural solutions of these houses and the social and occupational status of their owners. The paper considers the urban planning aspects, functional-planning structure of the three estates, particularly their facades, architectural elements, mural paintings decorating their interiors, and building materials. Special attention is given to household furniture, which provided comfort living conditions for the home owners, their guests and servants. It is shown, that in the 2^nd century BC Ellie-Communist influence was intensified in the Roman residential architecture. In private houses there were Greek Peristils (courtyards, home gardens). Along the Peristil perimeter, summer canteens (triclinia), guest rooms, bedrooms were placed. Gradually, the Peristil became the most opulent part of the house showing the social status and financial capabilities of its owner. At the Republic times, the Romans were afraid to build too luxurious estates for fear of public condemnation and proscription during the periods of civil unrest. Houses faced streets with masonry walls, facades had no windows. The architectural principle of ‘pearly shell’ in the Roman Republic remained unchanged.

The paper considers the town-planning aspect of preserving the wooden architecture in Russian cities late in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries using the experience of training architects and restorers in Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building. The implementation of the territory reconstruction project implies solving a set of problems relating to the heritage preservation, namely: socio-economic; demographic; ecological; functional-planning; transport; engineering and technical; architectural and artistic; historical and cultural. A scientifically valid function of each object and historical territory as a whole is the most important for conservation of the architectural and artistic identity of the historical territory. The methodology that allows this approach to be implemented is developed at the Restoration and Reconstruction of Architectural Heritage Department, TSUAB. The research results can be used in urban development and training future town planners, architects, and restorers.

The paper deals with the urban development zoning using various natural landscapes. Zone groups are emphasized in the context of the quality assurance of the environment and resource regeneration. The proposed approach is necessary for optimization of urban development zoning as a part of the territory development environmentalization. This will improve the accuracy of predicting the territory conditions and the quality of its future use.

The paper considers the tendencies of the national romanticism of Northern Europe countries in Tomsk architecture early in the 20^th century. Reasons of and prerequisites for Northern Art in Siberia are determined as well as architects and architectural objects. The activity of architects, members of Tomsk Society of Art Amateurs is described, which was one of art associations in Siberia. That activity influenced the search for regional identity (the Siberian style) in the regional architecture. The idea of Siberian regionalism is suggested, in particular, an in-depth study of the traditional art of original people who played an important part in the emergence of Northern Art in Tomsk.

The paper is devoted to architecture of Siberian cities, Tomsk, in particular. The main attention focuses on the richness and diversity of ornamental facades of wooden houses, which was widely used in wooden architecture of Siberia early in the 20^th century. The ancient Slavic custom of house decoration with wooden sculpture and carving turned over time into a professional craft. Wooden houses were decorated not only by craftsmen, but also professional artists and architects. This paper reviews the most famous wooden houses of Tomsk built early in the 20^th century.

The article analyzes presentations of Siberian architects at the creative meetings held in the Novosibirsk branch of the Soviet Architects Union in 1956-1958. Specialists’ opinions are described in relation to stylistic, functional, constructive and town-planning properties of mass housing architecture of the region. The aspirations of architects are shown to understand the facing tasks and their desire to obtain optimal solutions for residential buildings and environment in terms of aesthetic and household parameters in the context of difficult economic conditions.

This paper considers shape-generating urban elements of the ‘second order’ affecting the city image. The author introduces and describes the term of urban macro-textural elements. It is suggested to widen the existing range of reasons that affect the formation of the city image. Experimental solutions are proposed for the application of climatic conditions in the formation of the city genuineness.

The paper deals with the model of dynamic deformation of reinforced concrete which considers basic aspects influencing the stress-strain state of structures. The strength of concrete strips between cracks is one of the crucial aspects affecting the general strain behavior of reinforced concrete. Experimental results demonstrate significant change in strength of concrete strips between cracks subjected to both compression and tension under static and dynamic loading. In this case, the strength depends on tensile strain level and the slope angle of reinforcing rods in cracking direction. Existing theoretical and experimental studies estimate the strength of concrete strips between cracks under static loading. The paper presents results of experimental and theoretical studies on the dynamic strength of concrete strips between cracks subjected to compression and tension. Experimental data are analyzed statistically; dependencies are suggested for the dynamic strength of concrete strips depending on the tensile strain level and the slope angle of reinforcing rods in cracking direction.

The paper presents the experimental research of bending elements having steel fiber reinforcement in compression zone and high-strength reinforcement in tensile zone under static and dynamic loads. The new experimental data are obtained for the processes of resistance of fiber-reinforced concrete elements having a mixed reinforcement. Deformation, crack propagation, and failure of such structures under the intensive dynamic load are studied herein. Prerequisites and the design technique for fiber-reinforced steel bending elements are given in terms of the dynamic load.

The paper deals with low stability of strength properties of fiber-reinforced concrete. Based on the Russian and foreign experience in solving this problem, the original methodology is proposed for the quality management in concretes. Algorithms are designed for increasing the strength properties and stability of modified concrete due to minimization of quality-affecting risks, namely: the choice and preparation of raw materials, component ratio, and concrete mix technology. Experiments show that the optimum concrete mix composition for basalt-fibred concrete is 51.2 % at compressive strength and 28.8 % at high-stability strength.

The paper presents the investigations of wall materials based on modified gypsum binders, carbamide-formaldehyde resin, and wood filler. The influence of wall material composition, drying modes, and humidity on mechanical-and-physical properties is identified herein. A flow chart is designed for manufacturing wall materials with 560-600 kg/m³ average density at 6 MPa compressive strength. It is shown that wall materials can be used in high-rise building for the arrangement of partition and demising walls.

The paper presents the problem of improving the cement dispersion system lifetime using the surface electrization of a mineral binder. Surface electrization includes the generation of additional free charges. During mixing a mineral binder with water, minerals dissolve on the solid-liquid interface and the electric double layer forms. The installation diagrams are presented for the cement activation within the field of high-voltage corona dis-charge. The dependences are suggested for compressive strength of samples depending on the electric tension. The optimum processing parameters are determined herein.

The article presents research results on new particularly light porous aggregate obtained from diatomite raw materials using the foam glass technology. The proposed aggregate is produced in the form of granules with the bulk density varying from 120 to 160 kg/m³ at 2 MPa strength (for coarse fractions). Based on such foam glass grains, the obtained lightweight concretes are based on a waterproof composite gypsum binder, whose properties are studied herein. These concretes are characterized by the average density ranging from 430 to 900 kg/m³ with 4.3-10.8 MPa compressive strength and sufficient frost resistance. The proposed concretes can be used in the production of walling materials used in mass construction.

The paper proposes the production technique for silicate building materials of non-autoclave hardening which possess high strength and water resistance. The raw material comprises liquid glass, caustic lime, microsilica or diatomite filler. Based on the interaction between liquid glass and Са²⁺ ions releasing during its contact with caustic lime (dry CaO), a new binding material is obtained. it represents a mixture of hydrated calcium silicate and silica gel which is in a viscous-plastic state. Research results are obtained concerning the influence of the liquid glass compositions on mechanical-and-physical properties of synthesized materials. The schematic of physicochemical mechanism is proposed for CaO-Na₂O × 3SiO₂ × n Н₂О system. Ecological and economic advantages of this method over other liquid glass compositions are described for proposed silicate materials. This method allows to simplify the liquid glass composition, reduce its cost, improve water resistance and ensure environmental safety. The resulting silicate materials can be used in the production of putty, acid-resistant concrete, and use them as insulating materials in construction products of various purposes.

The paper presents theoretical and experimental justifications for the crystal-chemical approach-based method of optimizing the mixture composition for rock glass ceramics. The analysis of the mixture composition with regard to stoichiometric coefficients used in the equation of the solid solution of clinopyroxenes and its isomorphic sets is performed in terms of the structural crystal chemistry. This method provides the required degree of mono-minerality and high physicochemical properties of material. Rock glass ceramics and composite materials produced therefrom are the advanced materials used for the production of pile trestle road structure and transport facilities constructed on its basis as well as industrial and civil buildings under permafrost conditions in the Arctic shelf.

The paper studies the particle size distribution during grinding and packaging plant materials in a workshop producing biologically active additives. The dispersion micrometric analysis is used to measure the particle size. It is shown how the obtained data are used to measure the suspension velocity which is necessary for design of dust-removing ventilation systems. The multiplying ratio is calculated for the complex particle geometry and suspension velocity obtained by Pirumov’s nomograph.

The paper presents a methodology for calculating greenhouse radiant heating with regard to radiant heat transfer between the soil surface and greenhouse walls, multiple processes of heat reflection and self-irradiation, and mass transfer processes. Balance equations are obtained for heat and mass transfer between the greenhouse and soil surface and the heat transfer in greenhouse walls. The paper gives calculation formulae for determining certain elements of heat and mass balance equations. Joint numerical solution of these equations is required for calculating main indices of greenhouse radiant heating.

Since the road pavements designed and built in accordance with the regulatory document requirements destroy and do not comply with the specified service life, this study seems to be relevant as it suggests ways of improving asphalt concrete properties. Among them the chemical fiber reinforcement of bitumen-concrete mixes takes one of the important places. The aim of this work is the investigation of properties of fiber reinforcement of asphalt pavements under natural and climatic conditions. Research results are obtained nylon filament subjected to ageing and used as disperse reinforcement. It is shown that under natural and climatic conditions the properties of fiber reinforcement change, allowing it to perform reinforcing functions during the lifetime of road pavements.

The paper presents methodical aspects of road zoning in zone - subzone - road district taxonomic system. The formation principles of the data base are considered including the zonal, intrazonal and regional geocomplexes. On the example of the Tyumen region, the sequential modeling using geocomplex elements is described when establishing the boundaries of territorial location of zone, subzone, and road district taxonomic units. The obtained results on zoning are compared with standard recommendations as well as with other authors’ proposals.

The paper considers the optical schematic for hologram recording in colliding beams using high-frequency (about 1000 lines/mm) scan patterns. Equations are suggested for band patterns observed in transmitted- and reflected-light holography. The results are obtained for fiberglass bridge supports. This research allows not only to determine the significant difference between experimental and finite element calculations, but also to determine its origins.

The paper reviews the state-of-the-art reliability analysis of road pavements. It is noted that the literature and regulatory documents utilize the term reliability index. But reliability means calculations provided by a certain algorithm of the mathematical theory of reliability. Developments of the theory of reliability are not still used for the reliability analysis of automobile roads at an appropriate level. The paper proposes to use the moments method for the reliability analysis of flexible pavements and that ones with specified reliability. The equation for specified reliability is suggested for flexible pavement. Calculation results depict a considerable increase in the layer thickness. This increase can be accepted or denied depending on the costs comparison. It is expedient to use the proposed algorithm instead of the existing standard algorithm. The subject of the paper and obtained results are of direct scientific and practical relevance.