Accuracy Assessment of Minimum Design Temperatures for Asphalt Carpet

Rayleigh surface waves play a significant role in the seismic impact on extended and high-rise buildings, inducing substantial inertial effects and internal forces. However, modern approaches to modeling the seismic performance of buildings often neglect the wave nature of the surface-wave propagation, which may lead to underestimation of the dynamic response of structures. Therefore, it is relevant to develop engineering methods that can correctly reproduce the spatiotemporal structure of the Rayleigh-wave field in computational models.

Purpose: The aim is to develop and theoretically substantiate the concept of replacing the displacement field of incoming Rayleigh surface wave with an equivalent asynchronous multipoint (multi-support) kinematic excitation applied to the building supports. Measurement of the main parameters and design of algorithm for practical implementation in standard software.

Methodology: The study is based on solving Navier equations for a linear-elastic isotropic half-space. The pure temporal-shift property of the Rayleigh-wave field is utilized for the free surface. A dimensionless asynchrony parameter is introduced, relating the building geometry, the wave phase velocity, and the dire of the wave incidence. The applicability of this approach is evaluated as well as the error of the plane-wave approximation, and the influence of wavefront curvature are analyzed.

Research findings: An engineering formulation is proposed and rigorously justified that allows to replace the continuous Rayleigh surface-wave field by a set of kinematic excitations at the building supports with deterministic time shifts. The key result is the introduction of the asynchrony parameter, which serves as a criterion for distinguishing between the synchronous and substantially asynchronous excitation. An upper bound for the influence of wavefront curvature is obtained, defining the applicability limits of the equivalent replacement.

Practical implication: The developed approach provides a correct account for the wave incidence direction and building dimensions, as well as the computational efficiency by generating excitations at all supports from a single baseline record.

1. Blyakharchuk T.A., Bobrova A.I., Zhilina T.N. Climatic Conditions in the Southeast of Western Siberia and the Development of the Prikety Ethnocultures. Vestnik arkheologii, antropologii i etnografii. 2021; 4 (55): 36–48. DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2021-55-4-3. EDN: XLBNKQ (In Russian)

2. Efimenko V.N. “Water-thermal regime of road subgrade during deep soil freezing (based on the example of South-Eastern Western Siberia)”. PhD Thesis. Moscow, 1978. 216 p. (In Russian)

3. Shesler A.I. “Uneven deformation of flexible road pavements under the influence of frost heaving, soil settlement”. PhD Thesis. Moscow: MADI, 1968 181 p. (In Russian)

4. Shorin V.A., Kagan G.L., Rakhimova I.A. Comparison of Calculation Results of Frost Resistance of Road Structures According to Standard and Proposed Methods. Dorogi i mosty. 2015; (4): 76–86. (In Russian)

5. Puzakov N.A. Pavement Cost According to Frost (Heat) Resistance. In: Proc. All-Union Sci. Conf. on Pavement Durability’. Kharkov, 1968. Pp. 93–100. (In Russian)

6. Lunyov A.A., Ivanov E.V. Deformation Characteristics of Slag Mixtures. Vestnik SibADI. 2017; 1 (53): 103–110. (In Russian)

7. Matvienko O.V., Bazuev V.P., Churilin V.S. Stress-Strain Modeling of Road Pavements. Dorogi i mosty. 2016; 2 (36): 139–153. EDN: XQSGPB (In Russian)

8. Popov A.M. Choosing a Statistically Robust Outlier Exclusion Procedure. Tekhnicheskie nauki – ot teorii k praktike. 2016; 2 (50). Available: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/vybor-statisticheski-ustoychivoy-protsedury-isklyucheniya-vybrosov (accessed January 15, 2026). (In Russian)

9. Johnson N.L., Leone F.C. Statistics and Experimental Design in Engineering and the Physical Sciences. New York: Wiley, 1964. 534 p.

10. Kiryukhin G.N. Temperature Modes of Operation of Asphalt Concrete Pavements of Motor Roads. Dorogi i mosty. 2013; 30: 309–328. (In Russian)

11. Robertson W.D. Using the SHRP Specification to Select Asphalt Binders for Low Temperature Service. Proceedings of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association. 1995; 40: 170–195.

12. Churilin V.S. “Soil thawing in design of frost-resistant non-rigid road surfaces (the Western Siberia case study)”. PhD Thesis. Novosibirsk, 2019. 165 p. (In Russian)

13. Arkhivy pogody: Rossiya. Available: www.pogodaiklimat.ru/archive.php?id=ru (accessed January 15, 2026). (In Russian)

14. Kocheeva N.A., Shankibaeva M.Kh. Air Temperature Changes at the Border of the Altai Mountains and the Plains of Western Siberia. Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biologiya. Nauki o Zemle. 2018; (4). Available: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennostiizmeneniya-temperatury-vozduha-na-granitse-gor-altaya-i-ravnin-zapadnoy-sibiri (accessed January 15, 2026). (In Russian)