Cognitive-behavioral urban planning: Criteria and principles of adaptive urban environment

Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify the influence of the urban environment on psychological behavior of large groups of people with the subsequent evaluation of formation criteria and principles of the adaptive urban environment.

Methodology: The analysis and systematization of Russian and foreign experience in the formation of the adaptive urban environment in architecture, urban planning, psychology, and sociology. Various types of human perception of the urban environment are studied. Based on sociological data, the percentage of people with different perception of space is determined.

Research findings: In cognitive urban studies, cognitive-behavioral urban studies are determined. Various models of human perception of the urban environment are studied. Criteria for assessing the urban environment are developed, which identify adaptive and maladaptive elements of urban space. The selected criteria make it possible to predict a positive or negative impact on the development of urban spaces at the initial design stage. A thorough analysis of the territory development allows choosing the most effective of them to provide the formation of the adaptive urban environment affecting the human psyche.

Practical implications: Research results can be used in theory and practice of architecture and urban planning and complement training programs for specialists. Formation criteria and principles of the adaptive urban environment can be included in the design of urban spaces at various levels. Research contributes to further actualization of the human-oriented approach in urban studies and can be integrated in the Human Ecology discipline.

Originality/value: The paper proposes monitoring of adaptability of urban spaces according to the given criteria. The principles are developed to carry out a new design, reconstruction or renovation of urban areas. The environment created in this way can have a positive impact on the psychological state of a person.

1. Tapalchinova D.N. The influence of building architecture on the psychological state of a person. Molodoi uchenyi. 2019; 23 (261): 67–68. Available: https://moluch.ru/archive/261/60383/ (accessed July 20, 2022). (In Russian)

2. Shuler R.M. Psychological aspects of architectural design. In: Theoretical and practical potential of modern science. 2021. Pp. 5–7. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47133464 (accessed October 10, 2022). (In Russian)

3. Tkacheva A.S. Psychological impact of architecture and architectural environment on a person. In: Education. Science. Production. 2021. Pp. 333–337. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47278828 (accessed September 15, 2022). (In Russian)

4. Smejkal K. Architectural psychology – a challenge for a new generation of architects. Architecture. Construction. Education. 2019; 1 (13): 32–38. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=38486758 (accessed October 26, 2022).

5. Abel A. What is architectural psychology. Dimensions of architectural knowledge. 2021. Pp. 201–208. Available: https://doi.org/10.14361/dak-2021-0126 (accessed October 5, 2022).

6. Krasheninnikov A.V. Sotsial'naya integratsiya v modelyakh gorodskoi sredy. Architecture and Modern Information Technologies. 2018; 4 (45): 329–338. Available: http://marhi.ru/AMIT/2018/4kvart18/23_krasheninnikov/index.php (accessed July 26, 2022). (In Russian)

7. Krasheninnikov A.V. Perspective models of public spaces in urban environment. Arkhitektura i stroitel'stvo Rossii. 2019; 1 (229): 34–39. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37608990 (accessed August 5, 2022). (In Russian)

8. Krasheninnikov A.V. Accessibility and connectivity as the key factors of the macro-space in built environment. Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2019; 7 (2): 37–41. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=41649015 (accessed September 10, 2022).

9. Krasheninnikov A.V. Three problems of spatial organization of urbanized territories. In: Urban environment and urban development. 2020. Pp. 42–47. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=45594101 (accessed October 9, 2022). (In Russian)

10. Vinogradova E.I., Kilimnik E.V. Analysis of architectural and psychological studies late in the 20th and early 21st centuries. Artikul't. 2020; 3 (39): 137–148. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=44134527 (accessed October 10, 2022). (In Russian)

11. St-Jean P., Grant O.C., Jemtrud M. A review of the effects of architectural stimuli on human psychology and physiology. Building and Environment. 2022; 219: 10. Available: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132322004188 (accessed October 5, 2022).

12. Roessler K.K., Weber S., Tawil N., Kühn S. Psychological attributes of house facades: A graph network approach in environmental psychology. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2022; 82: 6. Available: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101846 (accessed October 06, 2022).

13. Sen S., Guchhait S.K. Urban green space in India: Perception of cultural ecosystem services and psychology of situatedness and connectedness. Ecological Indicators. 2021; 123: 16. Available: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X21000030 (accessed October 16, 2022).

14. Ryzhanova D.A. Psychology of perception of elements of architecture and design. In: Proc. 3rd All-Russ. Conf. ‘Construction and Reconstruction’, 2021. Pp. 371–374. Available: www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=46282465 (accessed October 21, 2022). (In Russian)

15. D'Acci L.S. Preferring or needing cities? (Evolutionary) psychology, utility and life satisfaction of urban living. City, Culture and Society. 2021; 24: 19. Available: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877916621000059 (accessed October 16, 2022).