The paper presents extractions from works of Ancient Greece philosopher Plato devoted to antic town planning. Plato’s ideas concerning the social structure of an ideal Ancient Greece city are considered herein. Ancient Athens (7-10^th centuries B.C.) and Poseidon, capital of legendary Atlantis were studied by Plato. The paper considers the principles of Plato’s town-planning, his recommendations for choosing a suitable place for a future town and functional zoning of the town territory. The important merits of radial-concentric town-planning system are described, which Plato considered as the most acceptable for an ideal town.

Wooden buildings in Tomsk is the example of the Russian urban architecture of the mid 19^th and early 20^th centuries. Wooden architecture of this period is considered as a unique phenomenon of the world culture. The paper presents the problem of preserving Tomsk wooden architecture and its modern applications. A tendency of reshaping of the original residential function for public needs and factors affecting the preservation of the architectonical look of wooden buildings are presented in this paper. A classification of wooden buildings is suggested for the first time by the degree their architectonical preservation. Investigations show that the scientific rationale for the use of wooden buildings contributes to preservation of their historical uniqueness and development of domestic and foreign tourism.

The paper is dealt with the issues of arborsculpture, the art of forming the desired shape of woods which is being intensively developed. However, analysis found in the literature states that there are no sufficient studies into the tree shaping techniques. For the first time, all known arborsculptural creations are presented herein together with the analysis of their humanization in relation to woody plants. The obtained results promote recommendations for arborsculpture design (project stage) in the town-planning.

The paper presents the scientific rationale for and the analysis of the tourist cluster development in the historical part of the modern big city Barnaul. The systems approach is described for the tourist cluster in Barnaul considered in terms of the Altai Krai and the Altai region (Big Altai) in the context of formation of the international tourist route ‘The Golden Ring of Altai’ across the territory of four countries (Russia, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan).

The paper presents for the first time the generalized description of architecture of commercial education buildings in Siberia. Architectural styles are shown such as eclectics and neoclassicism based on humanistic planning and aesthetic principles that became the determinant for town-planning of commercial education buildings in central squares and streets of Siberian cities.

The paper presents the description of concepts and programs, regions, residential areas and houses designed or reconstructed using these concepts. The role of these concepts is shown in the context of modern requirements for the architectural environment, interaction between people and this environment, and its signals that have an effect on actions of would-be criminals. The comparative analysis is conducted for main foreign tendencies of design and rehabilitation of the built environment protected from criminals. International goals, objectives, methods, and principles are compared herein. Additionally shown are problems connected with their practical implementation.

Earlier the author suggested methods of modifying the first eigen frequency by optimization of values and locations of additional loads. Methods based on the use of specific properties of eigen frequency allow achieving the optimum solution only when all limits for additional loads values have the form of strict inequalities. In all other cases these methods provide the stage-by-stage movement to optimum solutions but do not ensure their absolute accomplishment. The paper suggests to change the procedure of method applications such that only one nodal point would be detected at design stages which is less sensible to the location of additional loads in the loading task and more sensible to the mass decrease in the task of the frequency increase. This modification allows taking into consideration the difference between sensibilities of nodal points that approximates the solution to its optimum.

The paper presents the problem of deflection identification of perforated I-beams under the distributed load using the theory of compound bars and the finite element method. The comparative analysis is performed for the values under study at given perforation parameters. The analytical dependence is used to determine coefficients on the basis of beam deflection design using the finite element method. This method is difficult to apply due to the stiffness ratio obtained for the elastic layer formed by straight arches. The maximum cost reduction and weight of the structures leads to the decrease of the relative width of straight arches and increase of relative height of perforated holes. Moreover, the I-beam technology allows varying perforation parameters. The stiffness ratio is detected by numerical calculations of rolled section I-beam using the program package ANSYS. Experimental results are in good agreement with the finite element method.

The paper presents the possibility of measuring the area of optical inhomogeneity on the test object surface based on the fine-resolution digital images analysis. A method of formation of half-tone and color images of optical inhomogeneity is suggested based on the especially designed criteria. An algorithm of measuring the contrast area is proposed on the basis of boundary effects. The fields of application of this method are discussed.

The paper presents experimental results of reinforced concrete edge supported slabs with spacers. The structural bearing capacity is considered under the spacers’ effect. The reinforcement failure, deformation and displacement are analyzed in this paper. Experimental results show that the slab thickness, concrete strength and reinforcement ratio have the effect on the spacer sizes. Spacer forces lead to a significant increase in the bearing capacity and decrease in deformability. It is shown that the slab strength is increased with the increase of the slab thickness and concrete strength. Effect from spacers is mostly displayed in slabs having a lower percentage of reinforcement.

The paper presents a study of the structural state of silicon dioxide SiO₂ (tarkosil) by the x-ray structural analysis and mathematical simulation. It is stated that Tarkosil nanopowders are in the amorphous state. The amorphous state model is presented for SiO₂ and b- SiO₂ lattices within the framework of molecular dynamics. It is shown that domains of amorphous phases SiO₂ and b- SiO₂ are stable. The quantification analysis of tarkosil using the Rietveld method shows that silicon dioxide comprises the mixture of SiO₂ and b- SiO₂. The dominant phase is amorphous SiO₂. The structural parameters of phases are obtained, namely: optimized sizes of silicon dioxide domains and atomic arrangement.

The paper presents theoretical aspects of the magnetic effect on the development of hydration processes and structure formation of cement systems. The principal opportunity of using low-energy external effect to control the structure and properties of cement stone is shown in this paper. It is stated that the pre-treatment of water using the magnetic field and its use as a mixing water for cement systems result both in the structural and phase modification of cement stone and the new formations. Isotopic water composition, impurities and solution gases contained in water have a great influence on the liquid medium response to the environment.

The paper presents research in sludge waste used in the ceramics production. Mechanical-and-physical properties are determined for laboratory samples based on local clays and industrial salt waste depending on their composition. With the burning point increase for sludge-based samples up to 1100°C, their strength decreases due to the gas release from sludge components. At 900-1000°C burning point the sludge additive does not cause substantial changes of mechanical-and-physical properties of ceramics. It is shown that the use of sludge waste allows producing ceramic products having 2184 kg/m³ density and 40,7 MPa compressive strength.

The paper presents the calculation of melting time for a quartz particle in a high-temperature silicate melt. The dependence between the melting time and the radius of quartz particle is determined accounting for the dependence of the heat exchange rate upon the radius of the solid quartz particle at the stage of melting and phase transformations. It is shown that 2 mm quartz particles having radius of 1 mm, melt completely during 2,61 s, while 0,4 mm quartz particles melt during 0,1 s.

The paper describes the possibility of engineering process control in the production of granular glassceramics based on general purpose and industrial broken glass, low-melting clay and sawdust. The paper presents the development of resource-efficient technology of heat insulating granular material. A study of physic-technical properties of granules is carried out by mathematical simulation methods. Technology factors that have an effect on the average density of granular glassceramics are obtained and optimized.

The paper presents a new method of control for the structure and properties of foam glassceramic materials. It is shown that the properties and the structure of glassceramics are modified at different scale levels either in presence of residue quartz particles or while introducing additional nanoscale particles. Thus, it is possible to control the structure and properties of material modifying the amount of the small content of particles. For the first time, the scientific criterion is proposed for the structure control of glassceramic materials.

The economic feasibility and environmental protection of various construction industries requires the use of efficient and durable composite materials of different applications. One of the main disadvantages that curb the production of composite materials is their high cost. In the context of increasing prices of cement in the Russian market, alternative raw materials become more relevant for the production of low-cement and cement-free building composites of the low cost as well as energy-saving technologies of binder production.

The efficient air distribution is directly connected with the possibility of predicting the reliable air parameters. The reliable description of speed and temperature fields in the housing capacity is provided by the mathematical simulation methods based on Navier-Stokes differential equations. To estimate the room climate provided by ventilation and air conditioning systems, the parameter reflecting heat sensitivity should be used. This parameter is detected using three-dimensional fields of thermophysical values obtained by mathematical simulation. The paper presents results of room climate mathematical simulation for three different schemes of air distribution in a room. The Predicted Mean Vote obtained by mathematical simulation using C language software code allows analyzing three schemes of the air distribution for the room climate.

For the first time, the thermodynamic approach to the heating system as a whole is presented in this paper. The study shows that the main characteristics of the system are the functions of dimensionless numbers similar to the well-known Stanton number. The analysis allows giving recommendations on the efficiency improvement of the heating system.

The paper presents the ‘Cyclone computations’ software designed for the reconstruction of ventilation and dust removal system in the powdering marshmallow souffle workshop of Tomsk factory ‘Krasnaya zvezda’. This program allows a quick calculation of fractional decontamination factors, dispersion, median size of trapped particles and pressure loss in NIIOGAZ cyclones and their cascades operating in any range of initial parameters. The possibility is shown for the quick performance of multiple calculations to select the required parameters under the industrial ventilation system control, the dust removal of which occurs in cyclones.

The paper presents the concepts studying geocryolithic processes in pits used for transport facility construction. The comparison is given for heat exchange processes of receipt and account components of radiation and thermal balance. The thermal balance component is estimated for open pits depending on the inversion temperature gradient and winter air temperatures in the territories under study. The data are presented for the road bed design in deep cryolithic zones obtained as a result of long-term field research of permafrost in Yakutia.

The paper deals with the evaluation of the stress-strain state of composite open-web beams. Numerical modeling of the composite superstructure is performed by 9.0. Lear software. The results are presented for the stress-strain state of steel and composite open-web beam model. The obtained results are analyzed with the opportunity of using these structure in the highway bridge spans. The concrete beam in the highway involved in flexural strength has a positive effect on the distribution of normal stresses along the section height and increases both the load-bearing capacity and stiffness.

The paper describes the methodology of accounting climatic conditions in transport facility design. Factors and creation of the database of geo-complex modeling are described for the formation of hydrologic and thermal conditions for subgrade soils. A set of theoretical values for soils is substantiated which is differentiated by homogeneous territories in the administrative institutions of the West Siberian region.