The article deals with the history of the emergence and development of the first high schools in Tomsk. The architectural aspect associated with the provision of the high schools with their own buildings adapted to the educational process is described, which, in turn, affected the formation of the architectural appearance of Tomsk.

Late in the 19th century, eclecticism characterized by a mixture of different styles, became the dominant architectural trend in the appearance of buildings in Tomsk. One of the trends in eclecticism was the brick style, according to which the educational institutions were built most of all, including the Mariinsky women's and provincial men's high schools.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by the problems of preserving the architectural heritage of the second half of the 19th century in relation to the historical center of the city, which is an important cultural and educational factor.

The purpose of this work is to study the brick style architecture of the first high schools in Tomsk. The study is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity. The specific historical methods include a study of bibliographic and comparative sources and methods of architectural analysis of the cultural objects.

It is shown that the activities of a number of architects resulted in a unique architectural heritage of the 19th century, forming the architectural appearance of the historical part of Tomsk. The results of this study are reported at the meeting of Pushkin Historical Society.

The modern stage of world technological development is characterized by high rates of qualitative and quantitative growth in all branches of production activity. This becomes possible with the introduction of innovations not only directly in the production, but also in all spheres of life, including a search for and solution of new approaches to spatial organization and planning of the territory development. There are special territorial clusters, the organizational structure of which allows to implement the required conditions and rates of development. They are characterized not only by a set of elements for the industrial development, such as the production, science, education and infrastructure, but also close relationships and innovation. This is the only way to ensure the functioning of territorial education and modern industrial development. The uniqueness of each cluster element is determined by the industrial requirements. Nevertheless, their location in the city depends on the urban zoning, facilities and prospective areas. Depending on the spatial organization of the cluster elements, they can be monolithic and dispersed and locate both inside the city and at periphery. In any case, these four types of clusters and their development determine the urban planning. The cluster types reveal not only functional, but also territorial structure. It is this aspect that makes it possible to comprehensively and fully characterize the new territorial formation in the field of urban planning.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to show the specificity of the new territorial formation and identify its planning types that have an impact on urban planning in Russia.

Methodology: Analysis of the literature containing information about the cluster (scientific papers, research results, analytical data and reports, regulatory sources, including design guidance).

Research findings: Four planning types of the territorial cluster are identified. The planning types of clusters covering all possible options in territorial planning are defined, regardless of their specialization and size.

The article studies the architectural and planning features of Krasnoyarsk in the middle of the 18th century. The research results are based on the analysis of documents from the central archives of Russia. The architectural chronicle of the Siberian city of the 18th century remains largely incomplete. Further study is required in the field of previously known and newly identified archival documents which will allow to obtain the most complete information about the planning and development of the fortress-city in the period under consideration. Using the historical documents, a graphic reconstruction of the architectural and planning situation at one of the formation stages of Krasnoyarsk in the 18th century is proposed.

The aim of this work is to identify the architectural and artistic features of A.N. Panin‟s building and carry out a detailed analysis of plastic facades, which represent a synthesis of gothic and pseudo-Russian styles. The building locates in the historic part of Rostov-on-Don, at the intersection of the oldest streets of the city – Beregovvya and Pochtovyi (now Ostrovskii) streets in Rostov-on-Don. The study identifies the features of plastic facade design using composite techniques and brick decoration, characteristic of eclecticism, which combines different styles in the plastic design of facades. The object has not been studied enough at the moment, although it is one of the cultural heritage objects designed by N. M. Sokolov, whose objects form the historical part of Rostov-on-Don.

Purpose: The aim of this work is a study of the existing structure of social buildings in the Russian Federation and determination of the main directions of social space development for several generations on social welfare. A number of social problems is discussed as well as the improvement of living conditions of poor people on social welfare due to modernization of the existing social building typology. A new structure of social building development is proposed for several generations on social welfare.

Design/methodology/approach: The development of the social space structure for several generations is based on the data collection. Theoretical and practical studies include the existing experience of social buildings formation for younger and older generations as well as the experience of creating living environment for several generations in common. Apart from the analysis of the existing experience, a socio-economic analysis is conducted, which will determine further demands for investigations of the issue.

Research findings: It is shown that the problem of interest is underexplored, especially in the Russian Federation. However, the research findings in the field and related fields demonstrate the suppositions of the social space exemplification for several generations on social welfare. The problem of lonely people on social welfare, a lack of unity and understanding between people are the most important problems in the modern society. Thus, from the architectural viewpoint, it is crucial to build a social space for communication and interaction of people in the Russian Federation.

Practical implications: The research results will assist in the formation of a new type of social buildings which will be further designed and constructed in the cities of Russia. The structure of social buildings will consist of subtypes depending on the needs discovered. The needs of people who live in a specified area will contribute to the formation of the functional structure. In this lies the potential to create the structure which will lead to the implementation of certain stages in the social buildings construction.

Originality/value: It is possible to determine and rationalize basic principles of social space exemplification for several generations. The proposed strategy can be used to create a social space for several generations in cities of Russia. However, the process will be unique for every single area. The basic steps of the social space development are shown for several generations. The detailed analysis will allow using these steps to solve the problems posed. As there is a variety of factors in the social buildings formation which influence the existing stages, it is essential to study them. This will lead to eliciting some stages and modernization, or using just one of the stages, according to a structural scheme of a certain area. Finally, this research is a tool for further strategy development. The research results will help lonely people to find a family and, secondly, become meaningful members of the society. Moreover, it will provide them with comfortable accommodation.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to study the environmental issues of northern urban planning and create a conceptual model of the functional zoning of the temporary residence module for the Far North. The purpose includes summary of the problems and threats of protected natural areas, namely the Arctic National Park of Russia; a study of the main historical town-planning of the ideal cities, clarification of aspects of the modern city planning in extreme conditions ; the analysis of the conceptual project “Cities of the Future”, in which the environmental problem is the main requirement for the artificial environment for human life; a description of urban planning principles and space-planning decisions of existing camps in the north of Russia and reveal the significant shortcomings of construction in these conditions ; formulation and systematization of specific requirements for the modern architecture of temporary Arctic settlements; propose a conceptual model of functional zoning of a temporary residence module in the Far North regions.

Research findings: A new composition of the Arctic module for temporary residence of the 21st century is considered. A list and zoning scheme of the main and auxiliary premises, united by functional zones is discussed. The requirements for residential, public and technical spaces of the complex are defined and formulated.

Practical implications: The proposed temporary residence modules can be used for Arctic regions of Russia. The functional zoning will allow to create a spatial environment of autonomous bioclimatic temporary residence module for the Russian Arctic National Park.

The article presents a comparative analysis of fortification art monuments in such East countries from Ancient Egypt to medieval China. An attempt is made to identify the main stages of the fortification development from a stand-alone fortress (citadel, fort) to the most complex systems of urban and border fortifications, including moats, walls and gates, battle towers. It is shown that the nature of these architectural structures is determined by the status of the city or settlement, its natural landscape, building structures and materials, the development of military and engineering art. The materials from poliorceticon (Greek: poliorketikon, poliorketika), illustrate the main types of siege machines and mechanisms. The advantages and disadvantages of boundary shafts and long walls (limes). The most striking examples are the defensive systems of Assyria, New Babylon, Judea and Ancient China.

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to study the history of Soviet architecture, associated with changes in its stylistic orientation, when instead of the previously dominant constructivist forms other forms began to prevail, namely Art Deco, neoclassicism and eclecticism. The paper explores the processes in architecture of that time, identifies the main prerequisites for the formation of that architectural style.

Methodology/approach: The methodological approach includes a comparative analysis of scientific publications and buildings of Soviet architecture of the 1930s. A comprehensive study is conducted to identify the prerequisites, processes and features of the architecture of this period.

Research findings: The main results concern the period under study accompanied by both evolutionary and cardinal changes in architecture associated with the general architectural policy of the government and the creativity of architects. All this determines the peculiarities of the controversial, transitional style of Soviet architecture. The analysis of the controversial architectural style considers the individual genesis. This style is formed under specific conditions and has its own history. Architectural competitions of the 1930s demonstrate the stylistic diversity of architecture and the evolutionary transition from constructivism to Soviet neoclassicism observed in the works of those architects who previously designed the style of constructivism. The term post-constructivism means both a purely chronological concept, that is a period in the history of architecture following the epoch of constructivism and the specific architectural and stylistic phenomenon which still combines constructivism and elements of the subsequent style. A search for individual architects determines the style of the 1930s. In this regard, the term post constructivism best reflects the diversity of architecture of that time, taking into account the historical era and national identity, and the use of elements typical to Art Deco, Neo-Renaissance, or Classicism.

Practical implications: The research results can be used to further studying the architecture of this period as well as in the preparation of courses on the history of Soviet architecture of the 1930s. This study makes it possible to realize historical, artistic and cultural value of this style, thereby preserving it in the future.

Originality/value: The history of the architecture of that period is still not well understood and is of particular interest for researchers. This study considers both well-known and insufficiently studied buildings of Soviet architecture of the 1930s, compares the obtained facts and opinions of other authors‟. As a result, the paper combines, compares and analyzes interesting information on this topic and investigates concrete facts. Also, a comparison is given to the architecture of the studied and previous periods.

Modern calculation models must take into account the dynamic deformation of reinforced concrete. Currently, the main regularities of nonlinear dynamic deformation of reinforced concrete under uniaxial stress state are theoretically analyzed in detail along with a wide range of experimental studies. Properties of concrete under plane stress -strain state and dynamic loading are examined to a lesser extent. This paper proposes the dynamic strength condition for the concrete strength which allows for changing the strain -hardening coefficient of concrete depending on the type of stress -strain state, the ratio of the primary stresses and the deformation rate.

According to SNiP 23-03–2003 „Noise Protection‟, the urban planning documentation for cities, towns, rural settlements and microdistricts includes the section „Noise Protection‟. Engineers must substantiate their decisions on the acoustic level calculations, which should be made in accordance with the current regulatory documents. The accuracy and simplicity of the acoustic level calculations will allow engineers to make decisions quickly. This paper identifies the best combination of these criteria among the existing and previous methods of detecting noise characteristics. The paper presents a comparison of methods of determining the equivalent acoustic levels at design points in the construction area using the regulatory documents. This analysis is performed for the mainline territories of Tomsk. Three types of cross-sections with different relative positions of the calculated point and the noise source are analyzed. The measurement results are given for the traffic flow and the acoustic level, and the advantages of the utilized methods are described.

Purpose: The aim of this work is to create low-power and low-operational technology of electric heat treatment of concrete mixture and concrete. One of the most important tasks is the development of new approaches to the improvement of the concrete casting technology with the concrete mix heating during concrete placement. This requires elimination of the local overheating of the mixture and the rapid concreting of phase electrodes due to the development of the so-called edge effect. It occurs at the edges of electrodes, regardless of their shape. To realize the low-cost elimination of local overheating of the mixture and concreting of phase electrodes, it is necessary to study the behavior of the electric heat fields in the overheating zone.

Outcomes: Based on this research, the improved device for the electric heat treatment of concrete mixture is proposed and patented. The device is based on the electrical field grading in the concrete mixture using narrow plates on phase electrodes.

Research findings: The edge effect is based on the fundamental principle of the absence of the tangential component of charges on the electrode surface, that is, charges are in a mutually balanced state. This condition is provided by their accumulation on the edges of electrodes. The resulting non-uniformity of the electric field strength and current density lead to negative consequences. But this non-uniformity is manifested in the local area at the end of electrode and can be stopped at the electrode end by a narrow dielectric strip.

Purpose: The aim of this work is the operational electrophysical method of the control for contamination and purification of soil from oil products and the identification of changes in the soil properties in electrochemical processing to determine rational modes of processing.

Methods: Investigations are performed on the laboratory setup including the two -electrode scheme of electric treatment of the artificially polluted soil .The setup is equipped with a system of micro sensors of specific electrical resistance. Traditional laboratory tests are used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soils. The possibility of control for soil purification by electrochemical method using a system of continuous operational geophysical monitoring is considered.

Results: Changes in the physical properties of contaminated soils are experimentally confirmed when exposed to the electric current. A physical model is created for coagulation of oil products in pores during the electrical processing. It increases the amount of sand and clay components with changes in the electrical resistance of soil. The physical processes in the clean and polluted soil are compared. It is shown that when electric current passes through contaminated soils, oil products in pores transfer to a solid, less toxic state, which leads to a change in the specific electrical soil resistance throughout the zone processed. This pattern should be used to control soil decontamination.

At present, more than four thousand metal bridge spans are in operation all over the Russian railway network. Through the years of operation, about thirty types of fatigue cracking were identified. The dynamics of the types Т-9 and Т-10 cracks formation has increased significantly in recent years. The formation and growth of fatigue cracking is influenced by such factors as residual welding stress, stress-strain state of the bridge structure, defects, damages, and non-observing the operation and maintenance standards, bridge location and bridge span structure. At present, neither measures nor repair are performed to prevent fatigue cracking not exceeding 20 mm in length. Only when a creak reaches a certain length, the regulatory documents require to drill a hole at a crack mouth in order to prevent its further development. The hole diameter should be equal approximately to the doubled wall thickness. In order to prevent further crack growth and cover the hole, a high-tensile bearing type bolt is fixed into it, creating a volume stress. As a rule, such a repair is not enough to stop the cracking process. The article suggests a number of measures based on induction heating that allows to prevent cracking (including forging reducing gaps between connecting plates and horizontal sheets in a truss), to carry out repair (crack mouth soldering) and reinforcement (fixing metal plates onto a wall with a hole).