The article is dedicated to the second religious building designed by Ch.-E. Jeanneret-Grée (Le Corbusier) in the Brutalist tradition. At its opening he said that he wanted to create a place of silence, prayer, peace and inner joy. The main architectural and design concepts of Charles-La-Edouard, embedded in the solutions of situational and general plans, in the functional-planning scheme of this unusual building are analyzed as well as the conceptual solutions of its facades, architectural details and interiors. In this project, Le Corbusier synthesized his conceptual and architectural-compositional ideas realized in the Chapelle Notre-Dame du Haut (Ronchan) and in the Marseille residential unit. This work is a continuation of the previous publications devoted to these two unique buildings of the French architect.

The general development plan of the Tomsk center developed in 1973 by the "Giprogor" institute, reflects the urban development policy at that time. This document represents an important stage in the urban planning concept, focusing on the problems and prospects of its central part. The analysis of this project reveals key issues of urbanization, transport infrastructure, ecology and social framework of the city. The article examines the main provisions of the general plan as well as its differences from the current state of the city. Particular attention is paid to zoning, transport network development, preservation of historical heritage, and comfortable urban environment. The study is based on the methodological approach that includes the analysis of historical documents, cartographic materials, regulatory acts, and scientific publications. The scientific novelty of research lies in the comprehensive approach to studying the urban development in Tomsk and introduces previously unpublished materials into the academic circulation. Research findings can be used in the urban development and improvement policies.

It is necessary to create playgrounds for schoolboys and teenagers that meet modern requirements for safety, functionality and physical activity. Existing venues often do not consider specific needs of this age group, and do not provide a sufficient level of physical exertion and social interaction.
Purpose: The development of recommendations for the design of playgrounds that take into account age and psychological characteristics of schoolboys and teenagers as well as ensure safety and healthy lifestyle.
Methodology: The analysis of the experience in design of such sites, discussion of modern materials and structures, and optimum functional zoning. The literature review of playground design.
Research finding: The key characteristics are given to playground design for this age group.

Purpose: The aim is to study town-planning approaches to tourism sector development on redevelopment areas in Caucasian Mineral Waters agglomeration after major natural, man-made disasters and other destructive factors. Over more than two hundred years of the balneal resort history, a cluster initially formed as part of a polycentric agglomeration, a significant theoretical and practical basis of town-planning measures and tools has been developed. It can be effectively applied to the development of new territorial plans for the territory redevelopment. The paper also presents the comparative and historical analyses of the development of European mineral water resorts.
Methodology: The study of geographical and natural climatic conditions and resources of the Caucasian Mineral Waters region, historical materials, urban development materials, analytical and UNESCO documents. Geographical analysis, historical research methods such as chronological and diachronic, comparative analysis and comparison methods, and town-planning analysis, comparative analysis of the foreign experience.
Research findings: Comprehensive consideration of town-planning aspects of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort and health tourism cluster as part of a polycentric agglomeration to develop a unified approach to preparing recommendations for the comprehensive territory redevelopment.

Industrial settlements that began with plant-towns are currently experiencing an urban development crisis. The essence of their planning structure remains largely unexplored, since plant-towns are predominantly perceived as a historical phenomenon rather than as a special type of urban structure. At the same time, a number of preserved Russian, especially Ural, industrial settlements have special planning organization that requires understanding within the framework of modern urban development theory.
Purpose: The article describes a plant-town as a system based on the interaction between industrial and residential zones. In contrast to the historically oriented understanding, this approach allows understanding the urban development structure of settlements and identifying the spatial development.
Methodology: Historical and genetic analysis, mental experimentation with empirical objects Research findings: The concept of a plant-town is introduced, as well as its antipode concept – an industrial town, a settlement with a peripheral location of production relative to residential areas. A model of interaction between industrial and residential zones in industrial cities is formulated in general terms.
Value: The model demonstrates that the nature of industrial zone development serves as the main factor in transformation of settlements. Research findings can serve as a starting point to reorganize the old plant territories in industrial settlements.

Housing design in general, and social housing in particular, faces complex issues of determining the necessary level of its comfort, specificity for different cities, the need for design recommendations. Their careful consideration allows us to define the main directions of scientific studies.

Purpose: The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for the design of social housing, where the high quality of architectural-planning and architectural-artistic solutions should be achieved by affordable means.

Methodology: The statistical data analysis is used and the apartment model is proposed herein.

Research findings: Three aspects are elaborated for the social housing design: the definition of the term comfort, conditions that may be specific to different settlements and affect architectural and planning solutions of housing, recommendations are given to architectural and planning solutions of social housing.

The article is devoted to buildings built by projects of the architectural bureau APEX in Moscow and identifies criteria of their uniqueness. Unique buildings stand out among others by their unique and innovative design solutions. Such buildings often become iconic objects reflecting modern trends in urban architecture. The paper considers two projects implemented by the APEX company, namely Red7 and Deluxe Residence on Savvinskaya, 27, created in cooperation with foreign architectural companies and can be referred to unique buildings. The relevance of the study is due to the active construction of large-scale original buildings and little study of their uniqueness criteria.
Methodology: Complex analysis and data systematization from the literature and the Internet, comparative analysis and creative synthesis for writing conclusions.
Research findings: It is shown that unique buildings play an important role in the development of urban environment, demonstrating advanced technologies and architectural solutions. They contribute to the environmental improvement, social significance and quality of life, become symbols of progress and innovation.
Practical implications: The obtained results can be used to prepare conference reports, study architectural objects and justifying their uniqueness.
Value: The literature review and definition of criteria of the uniqueness of buildings.

Adaptation and reorientation of historic buildings is a current trend in modern practice. Many buildings lose their original functionality due to economic transformations, changes in legislation and technological developments. Moral and technical deterioration is most often observed in historic residential, industrial, strategic and utilitarian structures. Usually, such objects are adapted to commercial areas and cultural and educational needs, as it often helps to preserve their historical value and integrate them into the modern urban environment. The analysis of foreign experience demonstrates new theoretical and practical approaches to preservation and reorientation of the architectural heritage.
Purpose: The study of the experience in adaptation of historic buildings in Spain at the beginning of the 21st century.
Practical implication: This direction provides an opportunity to obtain new knowledge and methodological basis for finding an actual function for historical objects, including the experience of our country.

The paper considers new types of special institutions for children with special development based on the analysis of their habilitation and socialization.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to analyse the development of inclusive education and attitudes towards children with special development in different historical periods, identify the problems of modern correctional institutions and substantiate the design principles of specific environment.
Research findings: The paper shows the importance of creating conditions corresponding to the real needs of children with special development and describes the tasks of the special environment design. The dependence of the functional structure of the institution on the needs of different groups of students is determined. For this purpose, two factors are identified, dividing them into groups by age and degree of mental deterioration. This division determines different approaches to the typological structure of special institutions. The functional-technological program consisting compulsory blocks and functions is presented Based on this statement.

The article provides the analysis of the Russian and foreign experience in design of recreational spaces on man-made landscapes and identifies positive aspects and problems of creating facilities in these territories.
Purpose: Identification of approaches to recreational reclamation and basic principles of architectural and landscape transformation of territories in Russia and abroad using the examples presented in the work.
Methodology: A comparative analysis of approaches to the design of Russian and foreign recreation spaces.
Research findings: The main principles are determined for qualitative architectural and landscape transformation of territories.
Value: The results obtained for the practical implementation of these principles and proposals for the creation of high-quality recreational facilities in Russia on disturbed lands.

Inefficiently utilised territories create problems in the land use and lead to a degradation of the urban environment. To address this problem, an integrated design approach should be used with regard to the historical and architectural value of industrial heritage sites, planning structure and socio-economic conditions. The creation of new cultural centres in the city helps to strengthen regional identity and improve the economy, while the identification of scenarios for the urban transformation of stagnant areas helps to determine the direction of urban development taking into account prevailing conditions.
Purpose: The aim of the work is to identify scenarios for the urban transformation of industrial areas based on a definition of indicators through the analysis and synthesis of international design practices.
Methodology/approach: The analysis of the international experience in planning and design, study of scientific and technical literature, systematization and typology of collected data. The data on urban planning analysis are verified by geospatial data and tools of geographic information systems.
Research findings: The development of scenarios of urban planning transformation of territories and the proposed conceptual solution for the development of the industrial territory on the example of Läskelä settlement of the Republic of Karelia.

Purpose: The aim is to identify the main stages of transformation of approaches to the city street design and understand the significance of the street and road network in urban development.
Methodology: The analysis and systematization of the literature on research developments by Russian and foreign researchers in the field.
Research findings: It is shown that the approach to the street space design changes from increasing the transit function to taking into account events for all users of street space and increasing its functional content.
Value: The application of principles of creating a comfortable urban environment, with respect to local conditions, planning structure diversity, territory heterogeneity, different traffic intensity, determines the need to develop a methodological basis for design of various sections and more expanded street typology compared to urban planning categories.

The paper specifies in more detail the concept of landscape and recreational framework as part of the ecological environment of the city. These clarifications will help to systematize knowledge and research in the field of application of eco-urbanism terms to urban frameworks. The paper defines ecological, natural-ecological, natural, green, water-green and other urban frameworks, their relationship, kinship and difference. The landscape and recreational framework is considered as a necessary element of the sustainable development of urban spaces.
Purpose: Clarification of the concept of "landscape and recreational framework" and analysis of using other terms as its synonyms.
Methodology: Theoretical analysis, conceptual and terminological analysis, comparison of the literature on the topic.
Value: Semantic interpretation of terms relating to "eco-urbanism" in the context of the structural and planning organization of natural and landscaped spaces in the urban environment, clarification of structural and hierarchical relationships between these terms. The analysis shows similarities, differences and interrelationships of the types of urban framework in the field of eco-urbanism.

The article considers issues of increasing thermal protection of the base and cornice heat-stressed units of the school building enclosures for 1000 students in the village of Bely Yar, Altai Region, Republic of Khakassia. The relevance of the study is due to the need to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings and create comfortable conditions in the premises.
Purpose: Study of thermal protection of enclosing structures of a school building for 1000 students in the village of Bely Yar Altai region Republic of Khakassia.
Methodology/approach: A comprehensive approach is used, including finite element modeling of heat transfer processes and the analytical method.
Research findings: Thermal protection of the enclosure components of the school building is improved. Thermal engineering characteristics are determined and the surface temperature curves are obtained along the perimeter. The additional insulation of ceiling and floor insulation does not reduce the heat loss to the environment, however, when performing these works, it turns out to significantly reduce them in room–attic and room–basement directions.

Building wall structures made of foam concrete are becoming more and more popular due to their structural qualities and excellent thermal protection. The heat and moisture regime of wall structures made of foam concrete has a decisive effect on their strength and heat protection properties.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to clarify the heat and moisture transfer in foam concrete walls taking into account the influence of plaster layers deposited.
Methodology/approach: Numerical modeling is conducted for non-stationary heat and moisture transfer in a flat homogeneous wall composed of D400 aerated concrete with various exterior and interior plastering options for climatic conditions in Tomsk. Calculations show that the plaster mortar applied to the wall, results in a significant buildup of moisture, while the internal plaster mortar applied, has no discernible impact on the heat and moisture transfer of the wall structure.
Research findings: It is shown the influence of different plastering options on the position of the maximum moisture content in the wall made of foam concrete. The external walls coated with plaster mortar, including those performed after the first year of operation, demonstrate excessive moisture on the outer surface during the cold period due to the moisture condensation in the range of consistently low temperatures.

An important task in individual housing construction is the wall material. Polystyrene concrete is one of the most effective wall materials in low-rise construction. The property improvement of polystyrene concrete increases the efficiency of individual housing construction.
Purpose: The aim of this work is to improve physical and mechanical properties of polystyrene concrete through the addition of the complex additive of iron-containing sludge and Benotekh PMP-1.
Research findings: Polystyrene concrete compositions with the average density D300 are proposed with the complex addition of iron-containing sludge and Benotekh PMP-1 with the increased compressive strength of 1.51 MPa without increasing thermal conductivity.

The current problem of modern science and construction is a complex processing of mineral raw materials involving secondary raw materials. It saves natural resources and helps to solve environmental problems. However, heterogeneity of secondary raw materials in terms of chemical, mineralogical, and grain size distribution slows down the process of recycling acid fluoride raw materials. To produce building compositions with the required parameters in gypsum-containing systems, it is necessary to create the best crystallization conditions, including crystallization rate (kinetics of structure formation). To determine the time and conditions of crystallization, it is necessary to establish the relationship between the kinetics of structure formation and their phase composition, that is, the content of solid, liquid and gas phases in order to increase the solid phase concentration.
Methodology/approach: The differential microcalorimetry and volumetric phase characteristics are used to study the acid fluoride structure. These methods have not been previously used to study the hydration process of binders from activated acid fluoride raw materials in order to predict the kinetics of hydration and solidification.
Research findings: The paper analyzes the mechanism of hydration and hardening of acid fluoride binders according to the heat release kinetics and physicochemical methods, which confirm that hydration of acid fluoride binder is accompanied by the initial formation of colloidal solution of initial hydration products and subsequent crystallization of the obtained products. The process duration and intensity depends on the type and amount of the introduced additivesactivators. The hydration processes in the system is accompanied by a decrease in the free pore space, the system compaction. The structural properties of the final state are predetermined not only by the initial state, but also the mineralogical composition, dispersion, time and conditions of hardening.

The paper studies the live load impact on the road pavement with irregularities.
Purpose: The analysis of the additional dynamic effect caused by irregularities of the carriageway slab.
Research findings: The impact load acting on the slab, considering the unevenness of the roadway from the vehicle movement, is determined as a complex function depending on the traffic parameters, inertia and slab motion.

This article examines the problem of the traffic safety improvement in the Russian Federation through the integrated approach that covers all road users, including those forming the road environment.
Purpose: Investigation of mechanisms of improving the road safety by identifying the responsibility of various structures involved in the traffic management. This includes establishing a self-regulation and self-control system on the part of drivers and other road users and the analysis of factors contributing to road incidents.
Methodology: The analysis of legislation and road traffic regulations, including other countries; research of public opinion on the road safety; comparative study of successful practices of other countries in the road traffic regulation. This makes it possible to draw reasonable conclusions about the positive and negative aspects of the current system and develop recommendations for its improvement.
Research findings: It is found that the road safety is influenced by many factors, including the driver behavior, road infrastructure and effectiveness of the authorities control. The analysis of drivers' self-control shows that many of them underestimate risks, which indicates the need to raise their awareness. In addition, the foreign practice allows for specific recommendations on how to adapt successful methods to the Russian conditions, which can significantly improve the road safety.

The paper presents a detailed map of road-building climatic zoning with regard to field studies of water and heat processes on the road network in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.
Purpose: Clarification of the boundaries of road-building climatic zones, taking into account the key factors affecting the road structure: distribution of permafrost soils, relief, moisture content of vegetation.
Research findings: Identification of dominant elements of the geographical complex in the formation of water and thermal processes in road structures in the region.
Practical implications: The quality insurance of the road design and, accordingly, increasing the inter-repair periods of their operation in newly developed regions.