SAINT-PETERSBURG FOUNDATION UNDER PETER I IN 1703-1724
https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-6-46-65
Abstract
The relevance of the article is conditioned by the need to develop the program of St.-Petersburg agglomeration up to the year 2030, the largest in the North-West of Russia, which takes into account historical features of origins and formation of this agglomeration. The aim of the article is to study the initial stage of the formation of St.-Petersburg agglomeration (later Metropolitan) in the 1703–1720s. The methodology of studying this problem includes a comprehensive urban planning, functional and landscape analysis based on historical cartography and archival documents. It is shown that the regular type of St.-Petersburg agglomeration founded by Tsar Peter The Great is based on the pre-existing rural settlement system (combines native Russian territories and partially-conquered lands in 1702–1709) in the years 1703–1720. This process includes three stages of primary formation, with the territorial development of province and agglomeration with a significant advance in comparison with the center emergence and formation. At the same time, the future agglomeration center is the center of the province and the capital of Russia, the city of St.-Petersburg. It was formed with a chronological lag as compared to the development of subordinated territories in the future. In parallel with these processes within the unique rapid formation of St.-Petersburg, its structure began to form two sub-agglomerations. Thus, first were formed administrative territories, their nodes and tracks, and then their unifying center. This formation of the province and agglomeration, their center and spatial-functional sub-centers is non-standard for the world history of agglomerations. The results of this study can be useful for historians of urban planning as well as for modern specialists in the field of urban planning and urbanism.
About the Authors
S. V. Sementsov
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
PhD, Professor.
4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Str., 190005, St.-Petersburg.
N. A. Akulova
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering.
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
A/Professor.
4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Str., 190005, St.-Petersburg.
References
1. Isachenko G.A. Okno v Evropu: Istoriya i landshafty [Window to Europe: History and landscapes]. St.-Petersburg: SPbGU, 1998. Pp. 467. (rus)
2. Kosickij Ya.V. Arhitekturno-planirovochnoe razvitie gorodov [Architectural and urban planning]. Moscow: Arhitektura-S, 2005. 648 p. (rus)
3. Shvidkovskij D.O. Osnovanie Peterburga. Sankt-Peterburg i arkhitektura Rossii [Foundation of Petersburg. St.-Petersburg and architecture of Russia]. Arkhitektura v istorii russkoi kul'tury. Moscow: KomKniga, 2007. V. 7. Pp. 8–24. (rus)
4. Hehl Rainer. Cultivating the field in the Global Hinterland: community building for mass housing in the Amazon Region. Designing the rural: a global countryside in flux. 2016, No. 04. V. 8. Pp. 34–41.
5. Roskam Cole. Inventing the rural: A brief history of modern architecture in the countryside. Designing the rural: a global countryside in flux. 2016. No. 04. V. 86. Pp. 14–19.
6. Tokunova G. Transport infrastructure as a factor of spatial development of agglomerations (case study of Saint-Petersburg agglomeration). Proc. 12th Int. Conf. ‘Organization and Traffic Safety Management in Large Cities’. St.-Petersburg, 2017. Pp. 649–652.
7. Vtorye Nazarovskie chteniya Gradostroitel'nyj vzglyad: Sankt-Peterburg i aglomeraciya – kto vyigryvaet i kto proigryvaet? [Urban planning view: St.-Petersburg and agglomeration – who wins and who loses]. Arhitekturnyj Peterburg. 2017. No. 6 (49). P. 48. (rus)
8. Tret'i Nazarovskie chteniya ‘Ot koncepcii aglomeracii k skheme territorial'nogo planirovaniya Sankt-Peterburga i chasti Leningradskoj oblasti, i dalee – k territorial'no-prostranstvennomu razvitiyu kazhdogo sub’ekta Rossijskoj Federacii’ [From the concept of agglomeration to the scheme of territorial planning of St.-Petersburg and the Leningrad region and further to the spatial development of each subject of the Russian Federation. Third Nazarovskie readings]. Arhitekturnyj Peterburg. 2018. No. 3 (53). P. 116. (rus)
9. Gnevushev A.M. Ocherki ehkonomicheskoj i social'noj zhizni sel'skago naseleniya Novgorodskoj oblasti posle prisoedineniya Novgoroda k Moskve [Essays on economic and social life of the rural population of the Novgorod region after annexation of Novgorod to Moscow]. In: Vol. 1. Sel'skoe naselenie Novgorodskoj oblasti po piscovym knigam 1495–1505. Kiev, 1915. (rus)
10. Sementsov S.V. Territorial'noe razvitie Prinev'ya: preobrazovanie i stabil'nost' [Territorial development of the Neva: transformation and stability]. Skandinavskie chteniya 1998 goda. St-Petersburg, 1999. Pp. 117–163. (rus)
11. Yakubov K.I. Rossiya i Shveciya v pervoj polovine 17 veka. Sbornik materialov, izvlechennyh iz Moskovskago glavnago arhiva Ministerstva inostrannyh Del i Shvedskago gosudarstvennago arhiva i kasayushchihsya istorii vzaimnyh otnoshenij Rossii i Shvecii v 1616–1651 g. S predisloviem, primechaniem i alfavitnym ukazatelem lichnyh imen [Russia and Sweden in the first half of the 17th century. Coll. Papers of Moscow Main Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Swedish State Archive on the history of mutual relations between Russia and Sweden in 1616-1651. Preface, note and alphabetical index personal name]. Moscow: Universitetskaya tipografiya, 1897. Pp. 331–332. (rus)
12. Jordeböcker öfver Ingermanland. Piscovyya knigi Izhorskoj zemli [Writing books of Izhora land]. In: Vol. 1. 1618–1623. Sanktpeterburg v tipografii Imperatorskoj Akademii Nauk, 1859. P. 147. (rus)
13. Sementsov S.V. Sistema poselenij shvedskogo vremeni v planirovke Sankt-Peterburga pri Petre 1 [Settlements in Swedish time in St.-Petersburg layout under Peter I]. Shveciya i Sankt-Peterburg: Tretij nauchnyj seminar (Proc. 3rd Sci. Seminar ‘Sweden and Saint-Petersburg’), St.-Petersburg, 1996. Pp. 19–26. (rus)
14. Sementsov S.V. Sankt-Peterburg: predystoriya i pervye shagi prostranstvennogo razvitiya [St.-Petersburg: prehistory and first steps of spatial development]. Toponimicheskij zhurnal. 1998. No. 1. Pp. 19–40. (rus)
15. Sementsov S.V., Skogoreva E.V., Akulova N.A. Administrativno-territorial'noe delenie Sankt-Peterburga i Sankt-Peterburgskoj gubernii XVIII – nachala XX v. [Administrative division of St.-Petersburg and St.-Petersburg Province in the 18–20th centuries]. St.-Petersburg: SPbGASU, 2014. 172 p. (rus)
16. Zaozerskaya E.I. Manufaktura pri Petre I [Manufactory under Peter I]. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1947. 186 p. (rus)
17. Petrov P.N. Istoriya Sanktpeterburga s osnovaniya goroda do vvedeniya v dejstvie Vybornago gorodskago upravleniya po uchrezhdeniyam o guberniyah. 1703–1782 [The history of St.-Petersburg from foundation to introduction of the Vyatnago city government into provincial government institutions. 1703–1782]. St.-Petersburg: Glazunov’s Typography, 1885. V. 23. 848 p. (rus)
18. Gorelov V.A. Rechnye kanaly v Rossii: K istorii russkih kanalov v XVIII veke [River canals in Russia: the history of Russian canals in the 18th century]. Leningrad; Moscow: Minrechflot SSSR, 1953. Pp. 20–77. (rus)
19. Nikolaev A.S., Zhitkov S.M. Kratkij istoricheskij ocherk razvitiya vodnyh i suhoputnyh soobshchenij i torgovyh portov [Brief historical essay on the development of water and land communications and trade ports]. St.-Peterburg, 1900. (rus)
20. Stolpyanskij P.N. Peterburg. Kak voznik, osnovalsya i ros Sankt-Piterburh [Petersburg. How did St.-Petersburg come into being?]. Kolos, 1918. 400 p. (rus)
21. Grahame S.D. Notes on villages as a global condition. Designing the rural: a global countryside in flux. 2016. No. 04. V. 86. Pp. 48–57.
22. Malinovskij K.V. Domeniko Trezini [Domenico Trezzini]. St.-Petersburg: Kriga, 2007, 231 p. (rus)
23. Malinovskij K.V. Sankt-Peterburg XVIII veka [St.-Petersburg in the 18th century]. St.-Petersburg: Kriga, 2008. 576 p. (rus)
24. Kalyazina N.V., Kalyazin E.A. Zhan Leblon [Jean Leblon]. Zodchie Sankt-Peterburga. 18 vek. St.-Petersburg, 1997. Pp. 67–111. (rus)
25. Kalyazina N.V., Kalyazin E.A. Nezakonchennaya dissertaciya arhitektora Leblona [Unfinished dissertation of architect Leblon]. Iz istorii Petrovskih kollekcij. St-Petersburg: Gosudarstvennyj Ehrmitazh, 2000. Pp. 66–83. (rus)
26. Sementsov S.V., Leblon Zh.-B.-A., Trezini D. Gradostroitel'noe sopernichestvo na Vasil'evskom ostrove v 1716-1718 godah [Town planning rivalry on Vasilyevsky Island in 1716–1718]. Petrovskoe vremya v licah: Kratkoe soderzhanie dokladov nauchnyh chtenij. St-Petersburg: Gosudarstvennyj Ehrmitazh, 1999. Pp. 62–66. (rus)
27. Sementsov S.V. O generalnom chertezhe Sanktpiterburhu Zh. B. A. Leblona 1717 g [About the “General Drawing of Saint-Petersburg” by J.-B.-A. Leblon, 1717]. Petrovskoe vremya v licah. St-Petersburg: Gosudarstvennyj Ehrmitazh, 2000. Pp. 53–61. (rus)
28. Luppov S.P. Istoriya stroitel'stva Peterburga v pervoj chetverti XVIII veka [The history of St.-Petersburg construction in early in the 18th century]. Moscow; Leningrad: AN SSSR, 1957. 195 p. (rus)
29. Sementsov S.V., Krasnikova O.A., Mazur T.P., Shrader T.A. Sankt-Peterburg na kartah i planah pervoj poloviny XVIII veka [St.-Petersburg on maps and plans of the 18th century]. St.-Petersburg., 2004. 436 p. (rus)
30. Sementsov S.V. Petr Velikij: gradostroitel'naya programma sozdaniya stolichnoj Sankt-Peterburgskoj aglomeracii na osnove dopeterburgskoj sel'skoj sistemy rasseleniya Prinev'ya [Peter the Great: urban development program for creating the metropolitan in St.-Petersburg agglomeration on the basis of the pre-Petersburg rural settlement system in the Neva]. Vestnik Sankt-Peterburgskogo universiteta. 2012. No. 4. Pp. 217–231. (rus)
31. Sementsov S.V. Posledovatel'noe formirovanie Sanktpiterburhskoj aglomeracii pri Petre Pervom [The successive formation of the St.-Petersburg agglomeration under Peter the First]. ‘My byli!’, General-fel'dcejhmejster Ya.V. Bryus i ego ehpoha. Ch. 2. St.-Petersburg, 2004, Pp. 52–73. (rus)
32. Semencov S.V. Sankt-Peterburg i ego prigorodnaya zona – krupnejshaya ideal'naya aglomeraciya Evropy pervoj poloviny XVIII veka [St.-Petersburg and suburban, the largest agglomeration in Europe in the 18th century]. Kul'turnye iniciativy Petra Velikogo. Materialy II Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa petrovskih gorodov (Proc. 2nd Int. Congress ‘Cultural Initiatives of Peter the Great’). St.-Petersburg: Evropejskij dom, 2011. Pp. 126–135(rus)
33. Semencov S.V. Tradicii Petra Pervogo v sozdanii regulyarnoj Sankt-Peterburgskoj aglomeracii v XVIII veke [Traditios of Peter the Great in creating the regular St.-Petersburg agglomeration in the 18th century]. Petrovskoe vremya v licah, Materialy nauchnoj konferencii (Proc. Int. Conf. ‘Peter's Time in the Faces’), St.-Petersburg: Gosudarstvennyj Ehrmitazh, 2011. Pp. 329–341. (rus)
34. Semencov S.V. Nachalo sozdaniya regulyarnoj Sankt-Peterburgskoj aglomeracii pri Petre Pervom [The beginning of creation of the regular St.-Petersburg agglomeration under Peter the First]. Vestnik grazhdanskih inzhenerov. 2014. No. 3 (44). Pp. 46–55. (rus)
Review
For citations:
Sementsov S.V., Akulova N.A. SAINT-PETERSBURG FOUNDATION UNDER PETER I IN 1703-1724. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture. 2018;(6):46-65. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2018-20-6-46-65
Views:
1052
Email this article 