Ideal Model of Ancient Roman House in POmpeii in the 4-3^th Centuries BC

The paper discusses the architecture of the earliest three manor houses of Pompeii (4-3^th centuries BC), namely the Surgeon, the Tragic Poet and Sallust. An attempt is made to identify the dependence of the architectural solutions of these houses and the social and occupational status of their owners. The paper considers the urban planning aspects, functional-planning structure of the three estates, particularly their facades, architectural elements, mural paintings decorating their interiors, and building materials. Special attention is given to household furniture, which provided comfort living conditions for the home owners, their guests and servants. It is shown, that in the 2^nd century BC Ellie-Communist influence was intensified in the Roman residential architecture. In private houses there were Greek Peristils (courtyards, home gardens). Along the Peristil perimeter, summer canteens (triclinia), guest rooms, bedrooms were placed. Gradually, the Peristil became the most opulent part of the house showing the social status and financial capabilities of its owner. At the Republic times, the Romans were afraid to build too luxurious estates for fear of public condemnation and proscription during the periods of civil unrest. Houses faced streets with masonry walls, facades had no windows. The architectural principle of ‘pearly shell’ in the Roman Republic remained unchanged.

Древний Рим, Помпеи, жилые усадебные дома, градостроительные решения, функционально-планировочные схемы, фасады, интерьеры, инсоляция, оборудование и оснащение комнат, Ancient Rome, Pompeii, residential manor house, urban solutions, functional-planning diagrams, facades, interiors, insolation, room furniture

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