The History of Formation of Traditional Chinese Garden and its Types

The paper is devoted to the history of the formation and development of landscape architecture in China from Zhou dynasty government (1122-770 BC.) to the present days. It is shown, that during three millennia the evolution occurred in views of Chinese artists and landscape architects on the role of nature in human life and society. Nature (Heaven, Earth) and Man were considered as full allies able to live in a harmonious unity with each other. In the Middle Ages, the man-made gardens became more sophisticated art interpretations of natural landscape and served as a place where a man improved his body and soul, enjoyed the beauty of surrounding world. During the development of landscape architecture in China, several types of gardens and parks appeared, including Imperial parks, parks of scientists and private estate gardens. Their main distinguishing characteristics are presented in the paper.

история традиционного китайского сада, религиозные сады-заповедники, философские концепции гармоничного взаимодействия человека и природы, «райский сад», «парк красивых мест» (бодарчу), три вида «эмоциональных» пейзажей, принципы садово-паркового искусства Китая, императорские сады, сады ученых, частные (усадебные) сады, history of traditional Chinese garden, religious gardens-reserves, philosophical concept of harmonious interaction of man and nature, Garden of Eden, park of beautiful places (bodarchu), emotional landscapes, landscape architecture, Imperial parks, parks of scientists, private estate gardens

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