Development, formation and improvement of wood constructional properties in ancient architecture BC

The use of natural forms in architecture can be traced throughout the history of mankind. Wood is one of the first natural forms applied in construction. Wood was the basis for the first structures in ancient world. Later, people gave it spiritual significance and began to repeat a tree image using various materials (stone, concrete, wood).

The aim of this work is to analyze the origin and algorithm of updating the main building element, a column, studying the architecture of the ancient world. It is important to study the relationship between such important criteria of architectural elements and buildings as techniques and aesthetics. The findings include the evolution of column design as a logical consequence of understanding the relations between forms and structures of trees and plants, and knowledge in structure, theory, graphics, technology and computation in different time periods. During 4,000 years, the column design passed from using natural wood to post-and-lintel construction, that is widely used nowadays. After a number of changes, it is still the wood prototype, which is clearly seen in buildings in different countries and time periods. It can be assumed that further development of architecture determines the construction return to the natural form making with the richness and uniqueness of each object

1. Pervye zhilishcha [The first dwellings]. Available: http://xn----stb8d.xn--p1ai/tag/pervyezhilishha//Pervye zhilishcha (rus)

2. Glazychev V.L. Zarozhdenie zodchestva [Origins of architecture]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1983. (rus)

3. Choisy A. Istoriya arkhitektury [The history of architecture], vol. 1, Moscow, 2002. (transl. from Fr.)

4. Vseobshchaya istoriya arkhitektury [General history of architecture], in 12 vol., vol. 2. Arkhitektura antichnogo mira (Gretsiya, Rim) [Architecture of the Ancient World (Greece, Rome)]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1973. 712 p. (rus)

5. Mikhalovsky I.B. Teoriya klassicheskikh arkhitekturnykh form [Theory of classical architectural forms]. Moscow: URSS, Librokom, 2011. 285 p. (rus)

6. Ashchepkov E.A. Arkhitektura Kitaya [Architecture of China]. Moscow, 1959. 540 p. (rus)

7. Polyakov E.N. Obraz vselennoi v kul'tovom zodchestve Drevnego mira [The image of the universe in cultural architecture of the Ancient world]. Tomsk: TSUAB, 2009. 434 p. (rus)