Evolution of approaches to wooden architecture preservation
https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-4-9-22
Abstract
The article analyzes the conservation of wooden architecture on the example of wooden temples of Zaonezhie. In the 21st century, with numerous losses in wooden churches, the problem of finding an effective approach to preserving the fragile wooden heritage of Russia becomes more and more relevant.
The aim of this work is to identify approaches to preservation of wooden architecture, consider the positive and negative sides of the identified approaches in terms of preservation of the architectural heritage of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries.
Theoretical and practical experience of preservation of wooden architecture in these centuries is studied and summarized in relation to wooden temples of Zaonezhie. A comparative analysis of preservation approaches is carried out. The SWOT analysis provides an objective assessment of positive and negative factors of preserving the wooden church in the region, and opportunities and threats to this monument.
The paper identifies and classifies approaches to preservation of wooden monuments, the Church of Transfiguration of the Lord of Kizhi pogost and temples of Zaonezhie, in particular.
The proposed classification of approaches makes it possible to objectively assess the need for their use in preserving the wooden architecture in each specific situation. The paper considers the regional factors, which can contribute to the introduction of wooden temples in the cultural turnover. The research results can be updated on historical wooden buildings, taking into account their individual characteristics.
About the Author
T. V. Nezvitskaya
Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering; Kizhi State Historical, Architectural and Ethnographic Memorial Estate
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Tat'yana V. Nezvitskaya, Research Assistant
2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Str., 190005, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
10, Kirov Sq., Petrozavodsk, 185035, Russia
References
1. Kontseptsii sokhraneniya pamyatnikov derevyannogo zodchestva i vklyucheniya ikh v kul'turnyi oborot do 2025 goda [Concepts of preservation of wooden architecture and its inclusion in the cultural turnover until 2025]. Available: www.mkrf.ru/documents/kontseptsiyasokhraneniya-pamyatnikov-derevyannogo-zodchestva-i-vklyucheniya-ikh-v-kulturnyy-oborot- (accessed March 10, 2020).
2. 45 derevyannykh khramov, poteryannykh Rossiei v ogne. 1985-2018 [45 wooden temples lost in fire in Russia. 1985−2018]. Available: http://hraniteli-nasledia.com/articles/dose/45-derevyannykh-khramov-poteryannykh-rossiey-v-ogne-1985-2018/ (accessed April 30, 2020).
3. Derevyannye tserkvi [Wooden churches]. Zodchii. 1872. No. 1. Pp. 2−4. (rus)
4. Khodakovskii E.V. Remonty i perestroiki pamyatnikov srednevekovogo derevyannogo zodchestva Russkogo Severa v dorestavratsionnyi period (1800–1880-e gg.) [Repairs and alterations of monuments of medieval wooden architecture of Russian North in pre-revolutionary period of 1800−1880]. In: Seminarium Bulkinianum IV: K 80-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya Valentina Aleksandrovicha Bulkina (Seminar Bulkinyanim IV: To the 80th anniversary of birth of Valentin Aleksandrovich Bulkin). Saint-Petersburg: Kalamos, 2017. Pp. 360. (rus)
5. Gushchin B.A., Gushchina V.A. Iz prikhodno-raskhodnoi knigi Kizhskoi tserkvi Petrozavodskogo uezda Olonetskoi Eparkhii za 1822−1827 gg. o raskhodakh na obivku glav Preobrazhenskoi tserkvi. Dokumenty i materialy po istorii Kizhskogo arkhitekturnogo ansamblya (1694−1945 gg.) [From account book of Kizhi church of the Petrozavodsk Uyezd of Olonetsk diocese for 1822−1827 about expenses for upholstery of the Transfiguration church heads (1694−1945)]. Petrozavodsk, 2013. 137 p. (rus)
6. Gushchin B.A., Gushchina V.A. Iz knigi schetov Kizhskogo tserkovnogo starosty Petra Koz'mina za 1815 god o raskhodakh na remont Preobrazhenskoi tserkvi. Dokumenty i materialy po istorii Kizhskogo arkhitekturnogo ansamblya (1694−1945 gg.) [From account book of Peter Kozmin, Kizhi churchwarden, for 1815 about repair of Transfiguration church. Documents and materials on history of Кizhi architectural ensemble (1694−1945)]. Petrozavodsk, 2013. 137 p. (rus)
7. Nauchnyi arkhiv muzeya-zapovednika Kizhi [Archive of Kizhi Memorial Estate]. Form 1. List 3. Page 27. Proc. 12. (rus)
8. Natsional'nyi Arkhiv Respubliki Karelii. Delo o rassmotrenii plana na postroiku derevyannoi chasovni v sele Voronove Kondopozhskogo pogosta Iyul'-oktyabr' 1851 [National Archive of the Republic of Karelia]. Form 3. List 4. Proc. 2. (rus)
9. Natsional'nyi Arkhiv Respubliki Karelii. Iz prikhodno-raskhodnoi vedomosti Kizhskoi Preobrazhenskoi tserkvi za 1892 g. o raskhodakh na soderzhanie Preobrazhenskoi tserkvi [National Archive of the Republic of Karelia]. Form 25. List. 20. 71/825. Pp.18−38. (rus)
10. Opolovnikov A.V. Russkoe derevyannoe zodchestvo. Pamyatniki shatrovogo tipa. Pamyatniki kletskogo tipa i malye arkhitekturnye formy. Pamyatniki yarusnogo, kubovatogo I mnogoglavogo tipa [Russian wooden architecture. Pavilion-type monuments. Hard landscaping monuments. Monuments of staged, cubic and multi-cupola type]. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1986. 308 p. (rus)
11. Polyakova M.A. Kul'turnoe nasledie Rossii. Sohranenie i aktualizasiya [Cultural heritage of Russia. Preservation and updating]. Moscow: RGGU, 2018. 395 p. (rus)
12. Polyakova M.A. Podhody k izucheniyu kul'turnogo naslediya Rossii v XVIII − nachale XX veka [Approaches to studying cultural heritage of Russia in the 18th and early 20th centuries]. Vestnik RGGU. 2008. No. 10. Pp. 257−266. (rus)
13. Musin A.E., Noskov E.N. (Ed.) Imperatorskaya Arkheologicheskaya Komissiya (1859−1917): K 150-letiyu so dnya osnovaniya. U istokov otechestvennoi arkheologii i okhrany kul'turnogo naslediya [Imperial Archaeological Commission (1859−1917): The 150th anniversary of its foundation. Origins of domestic archeology and protection of cultural heritage]. Saint-Petersburg: Dmitrii Bulanin, 2009. 1184 p. (rus)
14. Opolovnikov A.V. Pamyatniki derevyannogo zodchestva Karelo-finskoi SSR [Monuments of wooden architecture of the Karelian-Finnish SSR]. Moscow: Stroiizdat, 1955. 192 p. (rus)
15. Opolovnikov A.V. Restavraciya pamyatnikov narodnogo zodchestva [Restoration of monuments of folk architecture]. Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1974. 391 p. (rus)
16. Ruskin J. Sem' svetochei arkhitektury [The seven lamps of architecture]. St.-Petersburg: Azbuka- klassika, 2007. 320 p. (transl. from Engl.)
17. Riegl A. Le culte moderne des monuments. Son essence et sa genèse. In: Trad. de l’allemand par Daniel Wieczorek. Avant-propos de Françoise Choay. Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1984. 123 p.
18. Giovannoni G. Saggi sull‟architettura del Rinaschimento. Milano, 1931. 264 p.
19. Shchenkov A.S. (Ed.) Pamyatniki arkhitektury v dorevolyutsionnoi Rossii: Ocherki istorii arkhitekturnoi restavratsii [Monuments in pre-revolutionary Russia: Essays on the history of architectural restoration]. Moscow: TERRA − knizhnyj klub, 2002. 525 p. (rus)
20. Pokryshkin P.P. Kratkie sovety po voprosam remonta pamyatnikov stariny i iskusstva. Izvestiya Arkheologicheskoi komissii Izvestiya Arheologicheskoj komissii [Brief advice on repairing monuments of antiquity and art]. Izvestiya Arkheologicheskoi Komissii. 1915. No. 57. Pp. 178−190. (rus)
21. Brandi C. Teoriya restavracii i drugie raboty po temam ohrany, konservacii i restavracii [Theory of restoration]. Italiya: Nardini Editore, 2011. 264 p. (transl. from It.)
22. Vakhrameev E.V. Nekotorye metodologicheskie voprosy restavratsii pamyatnikov derevyannogo zodchestva Karelii (iz opyta rabot 1970−1998 godov) [Methodological questions of wooden monuments restoration in Karelia (from experience of 1970−1998)]. In: Aktual'nye problemy issledovaniya i spaseniya unikal'nykh pamyatnikov derevyannogo zodchestva Rossii, mezhdunarodnyi simpozium (Proc. Int. Symp. ‘Relevant Problems Preservation of Unique Wooden Monuments of Russia’). Saint-Petersburg, 1999. Pp. 18−24. (rus)
23. Kuznetsova V. Na rodine velikogo russkogo svyatogo Zosimy, Soloveckogo chudotvorca, vozvedena chasovnya i na nej uzhe ustanovlena glavka s krestom [Homeland of Zosima, the great Russian saint, Solovetsky miracle worker]. Available: http://eparhia.karelia.ru/zagub.htm (accessed March 10, 2020).
24. Dul'zon A.A., Lisovskaya N.A., Pfajfer M., Ehkkert Kh. Problema sokhraneniya derevyannogo zodchestva g. Tomska [The problem of preservation of wooden architecture in Tomsk]. Izvestiya Tomskogo politekhnicheskogo universiteta. 2010. V. 317. No. 6. Pp. 228−236. (rus)
25. Jokilehto J. A History of architectural conservation: The contribution of English, French, German and Italian thought towards an International approach to the conservation of cultural property. PhD Thesis. The University of York, England, Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies. 1986. 466 р.
26. Okan, T., Köse, N., Arifoğlu E., Köse C. Assessing ecotourism potential of traditional wooden architecture in rural areas: The case of Papart Valley. Sustainability. 2016. V. 974. No. 8 (10). Pp. 1−17.
27. Zdon-Korzeniowska M., Noviello M. The wooden architecture route as an example of a regional tourism product in Poland. Sustainability. 2019. V. 5128. No. 11. Pp. 1−13.
28. Nezvitskaya T.V. Opyt restavracii cerkvi Preobrazheniya gospodnya [Restoration experience of Transfiguration church]. In: Ryabininskie chteniya − 2019: materialy VIII konferentsii po izucheniyu i aktualizatsii kul'turnogo naslediya Russkogo Severa (Proc. 8th Conf. on Studying and Updating Cultural Heritage of Russian North in memory of Ryabinin ‘Ryabinin Readings- 2019). Petrozavodsk, 2019. Pp. 232−236. (rus)
Review
For citations:
Nezvitskaya T.V. Evolution of approaches to wooden architecture preservation. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture. 2020;22(4):9-22. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-4-9-22
Views:
563
Email this article 