Composite Features of Traditional Chinese Garden
Abstract
The paper is devoted to composition features of the traditional Chinese garden. The terms of his appearance in the 12th century B.C. are considered as well as philosophical principles of landscape art (including three principles of the universal harmony of Taoist Feng Shui studies), eight major principles of garden art in China. The situational chart, general layout of garden (its connection to the natural landscape), three types of landscape (frightening, laughing and romantic) are described herein. The functional-planning structure of Chinese garden and review methods of important specific points (views) are estimated. The basic composition elements of farmstead garden (buildings, stones, water sources, plants, small architectural forms) are considered in the paper. Some of the statements of this work are confirmed by Chinese scientists, philosophers, and specialists in the field of painting and landscape art.
Keywords
традиционный китайский сад,
учение фэн-шуй,
принципы садово-паркового искусства Китая,
три вида пейзажей,
функционально-плани,
ровочная структура сада,
его видовые точки,
композиционные элементы усадебного сада,
traditional Chinese garden,
Feng Shui studies,
garden art of China,
three types of landscape,
functional-planning structure,
specific views,
elements of farmstead garden
About the Authors
Evgenii N. Polyakov
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Larisa V. Mikhailova
Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
References
1. Polyakov Е.N., Мihailovа L.V. Istoria stanovlenia, osnovnuie raznovidnosti traditsionnogo kitaiskogo sada [The history of formation of traditional Chinese garden and its types]. Vestnik of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building. 2016. No. 6. Pp. 9–23. (rus)
2. Vasiliev К.V. Istoki kitaiskoy tsivilizatsii [Origins of Chinese civilization]. Ed. Stepugina. Мoscow: Vostochnaya literatura, 1998. 319 p. (rus)
3. Gray J.H. Istoria Drevnego Kitaia [China, a history of the laws, manners and customs of the people]. Мoscow: Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2006. 605 p. (transl. from Engl.)
4. Korostovets I.Ya. Kitaitsy i ikh tsivilizatsiya [Chinese and Chinese civilization]. St.- Petersburg: Al′faret, 2015. 658 p. (rus)
5. Malyavin V.V. Kitaiskaia tsivilizatsija [Chinese civilization]. Мoscow: AST Publ., 2001. 632 p. (rus)
6. Fan' Ven'-lan'. Drevnyaya istoriya Kitaya. Ot pervobytnoobshchinnogo stroya do obrazovaniya tsentralizovannogo feodal'nogo gosudarstva [Ancient history of China. From primitive society to centralized feudal state]. Мoscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publ., 1958. 294 p. (transl. from Chin.)
7. Fitzgerald Ch.P. Istoria Kitaia [China: a short cultural history]. Мoscow: Tsentrpoligraf Publ., 2014. 460 p. (transl. from Engl.)
8. Abaev N.V. Chan'-buddizm i kul'turno-psikhologicheskie traditsii v srednevekovom Kitae [Chan Buddhism and cultural-psychological tradition in medieval China]. Novosibirsk: Nauka Publ., 1989. 271 p. (rus)
9. Eitel E., De Groot J., Needham J. Kitaiskaia geomantia [Chinese geomancy]. St.-Petersburg: Peterburgskoe vostokovedenie, 1998. 267 p.
10. Rossbach S. Fen-shui. Kitaiskoe iskusstvo kompozitsii [Feng shui: The Chinese art of placement]. Lvov: Initsiativa Publ., 1995. 187 p. (transl. from Engl.) 11. Yanshina E.M. Formirovanie i razvitie drevnekitaiskoi mifologii [The formation and development of ancient Chinese mythology]. Мoscow: Nauka Publ., 1984. 248 p. (rus)
11. Yan Yun-go. Istoria drevnekitaiskoy ideologii [History of ancient Chinese ideology]. Мoscow: Izd-vo inostrannoi literatury, 1957. 421 p. (transl. from Chin.)
12. Kravtsova M.E. Istoriya kul'tury Kitaya [History of Chinese culture]. St.-Petersburg: Lan' Publ., 2009. 416 p. (rus)
13. Rubin V.A. Ideologiya i kul'tura drevnego Kitaya (Chetyre silueta) [Ideology and culture of ancient China (Four silhouettes]. Мoscow: Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoi literatury 1973. 163 p. (rus)
14. Anisimov A.M., Gumilev L.N., et al. Iskusstvo stran Vostoka [The art of the Orient]. Мoscow: Prosveshchenie Publ., 1986. 303 p. (rus)
15. Katsnel'son I.S. Malaya istoriya iskusstv. Iskusstvo Drevnego Vostoka [Small history of arts. The art of the Ancient East]. Мoscow: Iskusstvo Publ., 1976. 375 p. (rus)
16. Mikhailov B.P. Vseobshchaya istoriya arkhitektury [General history of architecture]. Мoscow: Gosstroyizdat Publ., 1958. V. 1, Pp. 292–295. (rus)
17. Novikova E.V. Kitaiskii sad – model' vzaimootnoshenii Cheloveka i Prirody [Chinese garden as a model of relationship between man and nature]. Chelovek i Priroda v dukhovnoi kul'ture Vostoka. Мoscow: IV RAN: Kraft+, 2004. Pp. 397–417. Available at: www.ec-dejavu.net/g/Garden.html
18. Ozhegov S.S. Istoria landshaftnoy architektury [History of landscape architecture]. Мoscow: Stroyizdat Publ., 1993. 240 p. (rus)
19. Polyakov Е.N. Geotektonicheskie aspekty v arkhitekture srednevekovogo Kitaya i Yaponii [Geotectonic aspects of medieval architecture of China and Japan]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2000. No. 11. Pp. 94–100. (rus)
20. Romakh N.I., Tolmacheva U.K. Tsvetochnaya simvolika v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve Kitaya [Flower symbolism in Chinese art]. Analitika kul'turologii. 2011. No. 20. Pp. 230–235. (rus)
21. Sokolskaya О.B. Istoria sadovo-parkovogo iskusstva [History of landscape architecture]. Мoscow: INFRA-M, 2004. 350 p. (rus)
22. Kvadrat [Square]. Available at: www.symbolarium.ru/index (rus)
23. Malyavin V.V. Sumerki Dao. Kulitura Kitaia na poroge Novogo vremeni [Twilight in Dao. Chinese culture at the dawn of new age]. Мoscow: AST Publ., 2003. Pp. 302–351. (rus)
24. Sadovo-parkovoe iskusstvo Kitaia [Landscape gardening art of China]. Available at: www.kazedu/kz/referat/162031 (rus)
25. Ven Czen chen. Obozrenie veshchei izyskannykh [Review of elegant things]. Available at: www.vostlit.info/Texts/Dokumenty/China/XVII/1640-1660/Ven_ Czen chen/text1/htm
26. Sadovoe iskusstvo Yaponii. Kak oformit' sad v vostochnom stile – vazhnye momenty i sovety [Garden Art of Japan. How to decorate an Oriental-style garden]. Available at: http://mydiz.ru/ japanese _style/446 (rus)
27. Malyavin V.V. Kultura. Razdel 4 [Culture. Section 4]. Available at: www.oreldormash.ru/ bookinfo-malyavin-vv/malyavin-vv-kultura-razdel-4.html?start=50 (rus)
Review
For citations:
Polyakov E.N., Mikhailova L.V. Composite Features of Traditional Chinese Garden. Vestnik of Tomsk state university of architecture and building. 2017;(2):9-31. (In Russ.)
Views:
696
Email this article 