Urban Planning Concept of Architectural Space Formation for Memorials

The article discusses the urban planning concept of memorials. The main principles of the memorial formation are analyzed, including architecture and planning, composition and artistry, landscape and construction.

The article substantiates the necessity and relevance of preserving the memory of the Great Patriotic War, heroism of soldiers. The presented key principles of architectural, constructive, landscape solutions of memorials, are based on the composition, landscape and recreation of urban situations.

The article considers the urban planning of modern memorials dedicated to the feat of the military, participants and heroes in the Great Patriotic War, the Soviet–Afghan War, special military operation in Ukraine. The attitude towards the conceptual and semantic paradigm of monuments and memorials is currently changing. The location of memorials in the urban structure, the size and shape of the site, accessibility of the territory, emotional and visual perception, interaction with the landscape, are important aspects of the architectural image formation. All this requires the analysis and rethinking of the socio-economic development.

Purpose: Identification of fundamental principles of memorial construction with respect to the urban planning structure, natural environment and especially adjacent buildings.

Methodology: The article highlights the landscape organization of memorials. The importance of the conceptual artistic approach to the landscape design is noted as well as the importance of choosing plants. Examples are given for the selection of color, texture and lighting techniques. The landscape solution of the memorial infrastructure is based on nuance and contrast. The monument inclusion in the landscape structure determines its style in the general plan. The concept of setting the memorial in contrast to surroundings provides for the use of a regular planning structure.

Research findings: Memorials are considered as a special type of public infrastructure in the urban environment. Today, public spaces are considered as conceptual multi-functional formations reflecting the main trends and changes in all spheres of life. Both urban planning techniques and formation principles of memorials require a conceptual solution. The article presents the fundamental principles of architectural and spatial solutions of memorials and the urban planning concept.

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