vestniktgasuВестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университетаVestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture1607-18592310-0044Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building10.31675/1607-1859-2020-22-1-152-163vestniktgasu-751Research ArticleВОДОСНАБЖЕНИЕ, КАНАЛИЗАЦИЯ, СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОХРАНЫ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВWATER SUPPLY, SEWERAGE, BUILDING SYSTEMS OF WATER RESOURCE PROTECTIONАНАЛИЗ ФИЗИКО-ХИМИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ ОЧИСТКИ БЫТОВЫХ СТОЧНЫХ ВОД СЕВЕРНЫХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВANALYSIS OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN ARCTIC ZONESВялковаЕ. И.VialkovaE. I.

Вялкова Елена Игоревна, канд. техн. наук, доцент 

625000, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38

Elena I. Vialkova, PhD, A/Professor 

38, Volodarskii Str., 625000, Tyumen

vyalkova-e@yandex.ruГлущенкоЕ. С.GlushchenkoE. S.

Глущенко Екатерина Сергеевна, магистрант

625000, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38

Ekaterina S. Glushchenko, MSc

38, Volodarskii Str., 625000, Tyumen

ekaterina.gluschenko.1997@mail.ruВелижанинаТ. С.VelizhaninaT. S.

Велижанина Татьяна Сергеевна, магистрант

625000, г. Тюмень, ул. Володарского, 38

Tatjana S. Velizhanina, MSc

38, Volodarskii Str., 625000, Tyumen

ya.tshmidt@yandex.ruОсиповаЕ. Ю.OsipovaE. Y.

Осипова Елена Юрьевна, канд. геол.-минерал. наук., доцент

634003, г. Томск, пл. Соляная, 2

Elena Y. Osipova, PhD, A/Professor

2, Solyanaya Sq., 634003, Tomsk

kyky60@bk.ruТюменский индустриальный университетРоссияTyumen State Oil and Gas UniversityRussian FederationТомский государственный архитектурно-строительный университетРоссияTomsk State University of Architecture and BuildingRussian Federation202027022020221152163Copyright © Вялкова Е.И., Глущенко Е.С., Велижанина Т.С., Осипова Е.Ю., 20202020Вялкова Е.И., Глущенко Е.С., Велижанина Т.С., Осипова Е.Ю.Vialkova E.I., Glushchenko E.S., Velizhanina T.S., Osipova E.Y.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/751

Значительная часть территории Российской Федерации находится в арктическом и субарктическом климатическом поясе, что обусловливает специфику проектирования, строительства и эксплуатации сетей и сооружений системы водоотведения в этих населенных пунктах.

На сегодняшний день большая часть малых населенных пунктов в этих регионах либо не оборудованы канализационными очистными сооружениями, либо действующие станции биологической очистки работают неудовлетворительно. В качестве альтернативы рассматривается вариант устройства физико-химической очистки, которая более устойчива к суровому климату и залповым сбросам стоков, чем биологическая очистка.

В статье представлены результаты исследования по полной замене блока биологической очистки на физико-химическую в составе канализационных очистных сооружений. В качестве основных ступеней очистки выбраны коагуляция, фильтрование на механических фильтрах, окисление с последующей двухступенчатой доочисткой на механических и сорбционных фильтрах.

В результате проведенного лабораторного эксперимента были достигнуты следующие эффекты снижения концентрации проблемных загрязнений: 90,8 % – по ХПК, 74 % – по аммонию, 82,5 % – по нитратам.

The large part of the Russian Federation locates in arctic and subarctic climatic zones, which determine the specificity of design, construction and operation of sewage systems of these regions. Nowadays, the most part of small Arctic towns has no wastewater treatment facilities, while the available biological treatment facilities do not work properly. An alternative way is physicochemical treatment, which is more resistant to severe climate and volley wastewater discharge than biological treatment. The paper presents the research results of total change the biological into physicochemical treatment. The main stages of such a treatment include coagulation, filtration, oxidation and two-stage filtration (mechanical and absorption). The experiments show a 90.8% decrease in the concentration of chemical oxygen and a 74% and 82.5% decrease in nitrates and ammonium.

северные населенные пунктысточные водыфизико-химическая очисткабиологическая очистка бытовых сточных водкоагуляцияокислениеэффекты очистки сточных водArctic zonewastewaterphysicochemical treatmentcoagulationoxidationwastewater treatmentReferencesВялкова Е.И. Моделирование процессов очистки сточных вод малых населенных пунктов // Проектирование, строительство топливно-энергетического комплекса (опыт и инновации) : материалы Всероссийской научно-практической конференции. 2019. С. 102–107.Vialkova E.I. Modelirovanie processov ochistki stochnyh vod malyh naselennyh punktov [Modeling of processes of wastewater treatment in small towns]. Materialy Vserossijskoj nauchno-prakticheskoj konferencii “Proektirovanie, stroitel'stvo toplivno-energeticheskogo kompleksa (opyt i innovacii)” (Proc. All-Russ. Sci. Conf. „Design and Construction of Energy Economy (Experience and Innovations)). 2019. Pp. 102–107. (rus)Кофман В.Я. Водоснабжение и водоотведение в Арктическом регионе: Гренландия, Канада, США (обзор) // Водоснабжение и санитарная техника. 2019. № 6. С. 56–64.Kofman V.Ia. Vodosnabzhenie i vodootvedenie v Arkticheskom regione: Grenlandiya, Kanada, SSHA (obzor) [Water supply and wastewater disposal in the Arctic region: Greenland, Canada, USA (a review)]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2019. No. 6. Pp. 56–64. (rus)Life in Greenland, and Its Supporting Infrastructure //J ournal of the Northern Territories Water and Waster Association. – URL: http://ntwwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/NTWWA_ Journal_2017.pdf (дата обращения: 21.11 2019).Life in Greenland, and its supporting infrastructure. Journal of the Northern Territories Water and Waster Association. Available: http://ntwwa.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/NTWWA_ Journal_2017. pdf (accessed October 21, 2019).Gunnarsdóttir R., Jenssen P.D., Jensen P.E., Villumsen A., Kallenborn R. A review of wastewater handling in the Arctic with special reference to Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) and microbial pollution // Ecological Engineering. 2013. V. 50. P. 76–85.Gunnarsdóttir R., Jenssen P.D., Jensen P.E., Villumsen A., Kallenborn R. A review of wastewater handling in the Arctic with special reference to pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and microbial pollution. Ecological Engineering. 2013. V. 50. Pp. 76–85.Heaven S., Lock A.C., Pak L.N., Rspaev M.K. Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union // Water Science & Technology. 2003. V. 48. № 2. P. 25–33.Heaven S., Lock A.C., Pak L.N., Rspaev M.K. Waste stabilisation ponds in extreme continental climates: a comparison of design methods from the USA, Canada, northern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Water Science and Technology. 2003. V. 48. No. 2. Pp. 25–33.Quiroga F.J.T. Waste Stabilization Ponds for Waste Water Treatment, Anaerobic Pond. URL: http://home.eng.iastate.edu/*tge/ce421-521/Fernando%20J.%20Trevino%20Quiroga.pdf (дата обращения: 25.11.2019).Quiroga F.J.T. Waste stabilization ponds for waste water treatment, anaerobic pond. Available: http://home.eng.iastate.edu/*tge/ce421-521/Fernando%20J.%20Trevino%20Quiroga.pdf (accessed October 25, 2019).Paruch A.M., Mæhlum T., Obarska-Pempkowiak H., Gajewska M., Wojciechowska E., Ostojski A. Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: Experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology // Water Science & Technology. 2011. V. 63. P. 776–781.Paruch A.M., Mæhlum T., Obarska-Pempkowiak H., Gajewska M., Wojciechowska E., Ostojski A. Rural domestic wastewater treatment in Norway and Poland: Experiences, cooperation and concepts on the improvement of constructed wetland technology. Water Science and Technology. 2011. V. 63. Pp. 776–781.Gao H., Scherson Y.D., Wells G.F. Towards energy neutral wastewater treatment: Methodology and state of the art // Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 2014. V. 16. P. 1223– 1246.Gao H., Scherson Y.D., Wells G.F. Towards energy neutral wastewater treatment: Methodology and state of the art. Environmental Science: Processes and Impacts. 2014. V. 16. Pp. 1223–1246.Du Z., Li H., Gu T. A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: A promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy // Biotechnology Advances. 2007. V. 25. P. 464–482.Du Z., Li H., Gu T. A state of the art review on microbial fuel cells: A promising technology for wastewater treatment and bioenergy. Biotechnology Advances. 2007. V. 25. Pp. 464–482.Liu H., Ramnarayanan R., Logan B. Production of Electricity during Wastewater Treatment Using a Single Chamber Microbial Fuel Cell // Environ. Sci. Technol. 2004. V. 38. P. 2281–2285.Liu H., Ramnarayanan R., Logan B. Production of electricity during wastewater treatment using a single chamber microbial fuel cell. Environmental Science and Technology. 2004. V. 38. Pp. 2281–2285.Кофман В.Я. Водоснабжение и водоотведение в Арктическом регионе: современные технические решения (обзор) // Водоснабжение и санитарная техника. 2019. № 7. С. 56–64.Kofman V.Ia. Vodosnabzhenie i vodootvedenie v Arkticheskom regione: sovremennye tekhnicheskie resheniya (obzor) [Water supply and wastewater disposal in the Arctic Region: advanced technical solution (a review)]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika. 2019. No. 7. Pp. 56–64. (rus)LaBarge N., Yilmazel Y.D., Hong P., Logan B. Effect of pre-acclimation of granular activated carbon on microbial electrolysis cell startup and performance // Bioelectrochemistry. 2007. V. 113. P. 20–25.LaBarge N., Yilmazel Y.D., Hong P., Logan B. Effect of pre-acclimation of granular activated carbon on microbial electrolysis cell startup and performance. Bioelectrochemistry. 2007. V. 113. Pp. 20–25.Stasinakis A.S. Use of selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment – a mini review // Global NEST Journal. 2008. V. 10. P. 376–385.Stasinakis A.S. Use of selected advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for wastewater treatment – a mini review. Global NEST Journal. 2008. V. 10. Pp. 376–385.Andreozzi R., Caprio V., Insola A., Marotta R. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery // Catalysis Today. 1997. V. 53. P. 51–59.Andreozzi R., Caprio V., Insola A., Marotta R. Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for water purification and recovery. Catalysis Today. 1997. V. 53. Pp. 51–59.Deng Y., Zhao R. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Wastewater Treatment // Curr Pollution Rep. 2015. V. 1. P. 167–176.Deng Y., Zhao R. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) in wastewater treatment. Current Pollution Reports. 2015. V. 1. Pp. 167–176.Oturan M.A., Aaron J. Advanced Oxidation Processes in Water/Wastewater Treatment: Principles and Applications. A Review // Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2014. V. 44. P. 2577–2641.Oturan M.A., Aaron J. Advanced oxidation processes in water/wastewater treatment: Principles and applications. A Review. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology. 2014. V. 44. Pp. 2577–2641.Brillas E., Casado J. Aniline degradation by Electro-Fenton and peroxi-coagulation processes using a flow reactor for wastewater treatment // Chemosphere. 2002. V. 47. P. 241–248.Brillas E., Casado J. Aniline degradation by Electro-Fenton and peroxi-coagulation processes using a flow reactor for wastewater treatment. Chemosphere. 2002. V. 47. Pp. 241–248.Chong M.N., Jin B., Chow C.W.K., Saint C. Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review // Water research. 2010. V. 44. P. 2997–3027.Chong M.N., Jin B., Chow C.W.K., Saint C. Recent developments in photocatalytic water treatment technology: A review. Water Research. 2010. V. 44. Pp. 2997–3027.Желовицкая А.В., Ермолаева Е.А., Дресвянников А.Ф. Окисление органических соединений с помощью гидроксид-радикала, генерируемого в растворах химическим и электрохимическим методами // Вестник Казанского университета. 2008. С. 211–229.Zhelovickaya A.V., Ermolaeva E.A., Dresvyannikov A.F. Okislenie organicheskih soedinenij s pomoshch'yu gidroksid-radikala, generiruemogo v rastvorah himicheskim i elektrohimicheskim metodami [Oxidation of organic compounds with hydroxide-radical chemically and electrochemically generated in solutions]. Vestnik Kazanskogo universiteti. 2008. Pp. 211–229. (rus)Brillas E., Mur E., Sauleda R., SaÁnchez L., Peral J., DomeÁnech X., Casado J. Aniline mineralization by AOP's: anodic oxidation, photocatalysis, electro-Fenton and photoelectroFenton processes // Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 1998. V. 16. P. 31–42.Brillas E., Mur E., Sauleda R., SaÁnchez L., Peral J., DomeÁnech X., Casado J. Aniline mineralization by AOP's: anodic oxidation, photocatalysis, Electro-Fenton and PhotoelectroFenton processes. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental. 1998. V. 16. Pp. 31–42.Chen G. Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment // Separation and Purification Technology. 2004. V. 38. P. 11–41.Chen G. Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment. Separation and Purification Technology. 2004. V. 38. Pp. 11–41.Sarala C. Domestic Wastewater Treatment by Electrocoagulation with Fe-Fe Electrodes // International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. 2012. V. 3. P. 530–533.Sarala C. Domestic wastewater treatment by electrocoagulation with Fe-Fe electrodes. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology. 2012. V. 3. Pp. 530–533.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.