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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestniktgasu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1607-1859</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2310-0044</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31675/1607-1859-2025-27-5-128-144</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PBHMNO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestniktgasu-2220</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>АРХИТЕКТУРА И ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Симбиотическая архитектура: как города выживают сами по себе</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Symbiotic Architecture: How Cities Survive on Their Own</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алескеров</surname><given-names>У. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alasgarov</surname><given-names>U. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Алескеров Ульфат Элькин, доктор философии по архитектуре, доцент</p><p>AZ1073, г. Баку, ул. А.Султанова, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ulfat Elkin Alasgarov, PhD, A/Professor</p><p>5, Ayn Sultanov Str., AZ1073, Baku</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ulfat.alasgarov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Азербайджанский архитектурно-строительный университет</institution><country>Азербайджан</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction</institution><country>Azerbaijan</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>128</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Алескеров У.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Алескеров У.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Alasgarov U.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/2220">https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/2220</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Актуальность</title><p>Актуальность. Современный город развивается не только по плану, но и через спонтанные формы архитектурной адаптации, такие как симбиотическая архитектура – нелегальные надстройки и пристройки, становящиеся устойчивой частью среды. В условиях управленческой инертности и социального давления они выполняют важные функции и отражают способность к самоорганизации. В постсоветских городах, включая города Азербайджана, этот феномен пока слабо изучен.</p></sec><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования: выявить причины возникновения симбиотической архитектуры, ее функции и значение как формы городской адаптации, а также рассмотреть ее роль в рамках неформального урбанизма с акцентом на постсоветский контекст.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В качестве теоретической базы использованы труды по архитектурной теории, урбанистике, социологии пространства и городской экономике (работы М. Серра, Й. Фридмана, Ф. Рахма и др.). Применены методы сравнительного анализа, визуальной типологии, пространственного наблюдения и контекстуальной интерпретации. Исследование базируется на эмпирических данных по городам Азии, Латинской Америки, Европы и постсоветского пространства (Москва, Баку и др.).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Выделены основные типологии симбиотической архитектуры по пространственному положению, функции (жилищной, коммерческой, социальной) и степени легализации. Установлено, что она возникает как ответ на дефицит инфраструктуры, жилья и экономических ресурсов, становясь адаптивным элементом городской среды. На примерах Москвы и других городов показано, как такие образования могут интегрироваться в городской код или исчезать.</p></sec><sec><title>Выводы</title><p>Выводы. Симбиотическая архитектура является индикатором жизнеспособности урбанистической системы в условиях неэффективного планирования. Она выступает формой архитектуры выживания и может играть роль в реорганизации городского пространства. Вместо категоричного отрицания ее стоит рассматривать как потенциальный ресурс устойчивого и инклюзивного развития города, особенно в переходных обществах и условиях пространственного дефицита.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Contemporary city develops not only through formal planning but also spontaneous architectural forms, such as symbiotic architecture—unauthorized extensions and add-ons that become stable elements of the urban environment. Under conditions of managerial inertia and social pressure, these structures fulfill important functions and reflect the city capacity for self-organization. In post-Soviet cities, including those in Azerbaijan, this phenomenon remains understudied.</p><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>Purpose: The aim is to identify the reasons for the emergence of symbiotic architecture, its functions and significance as a form of urban adaptation and examine its role within informal urbanism with a focus on the post-Soviet time.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology</title><p>Methodology: Architectural theory, urban studies, spatial sociology, and urban economics (including research by M. Serra, J. Friedman, F. Rahma). The comparative analysis, visual typology, spatial observation, and contextual interpretation. Empirical data are used on cities in Asia, Latin America, Europe, and the post-Soviet space, including Moscow, Baku, and Istanbul.</p></sec><sec><title>Research findings</title><p>Research findings: Key typologies of symbiotic architecture are identified by spatial positioning, function (residential, commercial, social), and legalization. It is shown that such architecture emerges in response to shortages of infrastructure, housing, and economic opportunities, becoming an adaptive element of the urban environment. Examples from Moscow and other cities demonstrate how these structures may either integrate into the urban fabric or be subject to removal.</p></sec><sec><title>Value</title><p>Value: Symbiotic architecture serves as an indicator of the urban system’s resilience under conditions of inefficient planning. It represents a form of survival architecture and may contribute to reorganization of urban space. Rather than being categorically dismissed, it is regarded as a potential resource for sustainable and inclusive urban development, especially in transitional societies and context of spatial scarcity.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>симбиотическая архитектура</kwd><kwd>неформальный урбанизм</kwd><kwd>Баку</kwd><kwd>легализация</kwd><kwd>реновация</kwd><kwd>устойчивое развитие</kwd><kwd>городская трансформация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>symbiotic architecture</kwd><kwd>informal urbanism</kwd><kwd>Baku</kwd><kwd>legalization</kwd><kwd>renovation</kwd><kwd>sustainable development</kwd><kwd>urban transformation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Koolhaas R. Elements of Architecture. Taschen, 2018. 2528 p. ISBN 978-3-8365-5614-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Koolhaas R. Elements of Architecture. 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