vestniktgasuВестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университетаVestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture1607-18592310-0044Tomsk State University of Architecture and Building10.31675/1607-1859-2024-26-2-48-60CBVHJZvestniktgasu-1741Research ArticleАРХИТЕКТУРА И ГРАДОСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВОARCHITECTURE AND URBAN PLANNINGЭкономически доступное жилище в Европе, Америке и России в V–XVIII вв.Affordable housing in Russia, Europe and USA in the 5–18th centuriesОгиенкоЕ. Л.OgienkoE. L.

Огиенко Евгений Леонидович, ассистент

117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6

Evgeniy L. Ogienko, Assistant Lecturer, ,

6, Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198, Moscow

tengue@list.ruРоссийский университет дружбы народовРоссияPeoples' Friendship University of RussiaRussian Federation2024250420242624860Copyright © Огиенко Е.Л., 20242024Огиенко Е.Л.Ogienko E.L.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.tsuab.ru/jour/article/view/1741

Актуальность. В статье рассматриваются отдельные вопросы генезиса и развития концепции экономически доступного жилища, сложившейся в России, Европе и Америке в V–XVIII вв. Экономически доступное жилье играет важную роль в формировании качества жизни и социальной интеграции. Истоки доступного жилища можно воссоздать из истории европейской цивилизации и христианской аксиологии, где были определены начала общинной среды обитания и создания концепции жилого комплекса для бедных.Статья посвящена четырём разновидностям подобных жилищ. Это бурсы (V–XV вв.), богадельни (X–XI вв.), комплекс Фуггерай (XVI в.) и жилые дома шейкеров (XVII–XVIII вв.). Рассмотрены генеральные планы, решения планов и фасадов. Указаны категории населения, для которых предназначались данные жилища, сроки их проживания, роль домовладельцев.В результате исследования отмечено, что доступные жилища строились по инициативе частных лиц. На развитие жилищной ситуации в отдельных странах оказывает влияние как проводимая их правительствами жилищная политика, так и ряд внешних факторов, таких как социально-экономическая и демографическая ситуация, политические, административно-правовые факторы и т. д. Эти внешние переменные вместе с жилищной политикой определяют роль, цели и характеристики жилища. Определены типы объектов жилища по следующим параметрам: период и срок проживания, тип владельцев, категория проживающих, вид деятельности.

The article discusses problems of concept genesis and development of affordable housing in Russia, Europe, and the USA in the 5–18th centuries. Affordable housing plays an important role in the quality of life and social integration. Affordable housing originates from the history of European civilization and Christian axiology, where communal living and housing for the poor are determined.Purpose: The following types of housing are studied: bursas (5−15th centuries), almshouses (10−11th centuries), Fuggerei (16th century), Shaker (17−18th centuries) houses. Their master plans and facades are studied herein. Population categories for which housing is assigned are indicated as well as the period of residence and owners.Research findings: Affordable housing is built by private individuals. The housing development is influenced by the policy pursued by their governments and external factors such as socio-economic, demographic, political, administrative, legal conditions, which determine the role, goals and characteristics of housing. Housing types are determined according by the following parameters: residence duration, owners, residents, and their activities.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.